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141.
Communicative competence is one measure of an individual’s ability to navigate conversations with social partners. The current study explored the possibility of basic communicative competence in a non-mammal speaker, a speech-using African Grey parrot. Spontaneous conversations between one Grey named Cosmo and her caregiver were recorded, from which three corpora (i.e., bodies of text) of Cosmo’s vocalizations were developed: (1) Baseline: Vocalizations containing no requests, (2) Ignored Requests: Vocalizations immediately following Cosmo’s caregiver ignoring Cosmo’s requests, and (3) Denied Requests: Vocalizations immediately following Cosmo’s caregiver denying Cosmo’s requests. The distributions of social (e.g., “I love you,” kiss sounds) and nonsocial (e.g., answering machine beeps, “That’s squirrel”) vocalizations, as well as speech and nonword vocalizations, were statistically different across the three corpora. Additionally, qualitative analysis of the datasets indicated Cosmo was persistent in repeating vocalizations when denied and ignored, and interrupted her caregiver more often when requests were denied compared to ignored. Neither repetition nor interruption occurred during the Baseline conversations. The data indicate that despite the outcome being the same (i.e., request was unmet), Cosmo treated an ignored request differently than a denied request, modifying her vocalizations in accord with the specific context. Such modification is evidence of basic communicative competence. 相似文献
142.
Jacob A. Burack Natalie Russo Hannah Kovshoff Tania Palma Fernandes Jason Ringo Oriane Landry 《Journal of cognition and development》2016,17(4):553-567
Evidence from the study of attention among persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children suggests a rethinking of the notion that performance inherently reflects disability, ability, or capacity in favor of a more nuanced story that involves an emphasis on styles and biases that reflect real-world attending. We provide examples from behavioral and physiological research in which performance on attention tasks is not solely a function of abilities, or disabilities, per se but rather is also a function of the ways in which they are implemented. Thus, the study of attention both among persons with ASD and in typical development might best be recast in terms of the question of “how” rather than “how well.” 相似文献
143.
Hannah C. Levy 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2016,45(5):367-379
Contamination fear is one of the most common symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is effective for OCD, but a significant minority of treatment-seeking individuals refuse ERP entirely or drop out prematurely. Research suggests that safety behaviour (SB) may enhance the acceptability of ERP; however, questions remain about how to incorporate SB into existing treatments. Clinical participants with OCD and contamination fear (N = 57) were randomized to receive an exposure session with no SB (ERP), a routinely used SB (RU), or a never-used SB (NU). Significant reductions in contamination fear severity were observed in all conditions. Although omnibus comparisons were only marginally significant, pairwise comparisons revealed some condition differences. NU demonstrated significantly lower self-reported contamination fear severity at post-exposure, as well as marginally higher treatment acceptability ratings. Findings suggest that exposure with SB may be effective and acceptable, and are discussed in terms of cognitive-behavioural theory and treatment of anxiety and related disorders. 相似文献
144.
Jennifer Rio Lindsay Heckman Hannah Tippett 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2021,42(1):50-64
We discuss the findings of an exploratory content analysis related to the offender population by examining literature from 2008 to 2018 in 23 American Counseling Association (ACA) and ACA‐affiliated counseling journals. The findings and implications of the analysis are discussed. 相似文献
145.
Jones-Gordils Hannah R. Sturge-Apple Melissa L. Davies Patrick T. 《Journal of child and family studies》2021,30(6):1393-1405
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Emerging conceptual frameworks identify executive functions as a potential explanatory variable in determinants of parenting, and a growing body of research... 相似文献
146.
Wilson Laura C. Truex Hannah R. Murphy-Neilson Madeleine C. Kunaniec Kristen P. Pamlanye Jordan T. Reed Rebecca A. 《Sex roles》2021,84(5-6):337-346
Sex Roles - Because female rape survivors who are listened to and believed have been found to have fewer difficulties, it is essential that researchers examine factors that influence the social... 相似文献
147.
McKinley Catherine E. Lilly Jenn M. Knipp Hannah Liddell Jessica L. 《Sex roles》2021,85(9-10):499-514
Sex Roles - Research has shown that gender role attitudes influence a number of health-related outcomes, including intimate partner violence (IPV). Yet the gender role attitudes of Indigenous... 相似文献
148.
Olfaction has recently been highlighted as a sense poorly connected with language. Odor is difficult to verbalize, and it has few qualities that afford mimicry by vision or sound. At the same time, emotion is thought to be the most salient dimension of an odor, and it could therefore be an olfactory dimension more easily communicated. We investigated whether sounds imitative of an innate disgust response can be associated with unpleasant odors. In two experiments, participants were asked to make a forced choice between a pseudoword including a disgust sound and a neutral pseudoword, for pleasant and unpleasant odors. Overall, participants chose more disgust pseudowords than neutral pseudowords for unpleasant odors, but this was not the case for pleasant odors. This effect was not driven by a general association between unpleasant sounds and unpleasant odors, but specifically the sounds [x/χ] and [f], thought to reflect physical responses to disgusting odors, as seen in the Polish fu! or the English ugh!. In line with growing evidence that language can encode odor, we provide the first experimental evidence for an association between the sound of a word and odor valence. 相似文献
149.
Shiri Lev-Ari Ivet Kancheva Louise Marston Hannah Morris Teah Swingler Madina Zaynudinova 《Cognitive Science》2021,45(11):e13059
Larger communities face more communication barriers. We propose that languages spoken by larger communities adapt and overcome these greater barriers by increasing their reliance on sound symbolism, as sound symbolism can facilitate communication. To test whether widely spoken languages are more sound symbolic, participants listened to recordings of the words big and small in widely spoken and less common languages and guessed their meanings. Accuracy was higher for words from widely spoken languages providing evidence that widely spoken languages harbor more sound symbolism. Preliminary results also suggest that widely spoken languages rely on different sound symbolic patterns than less common languages. Community size can thus shape linguistic forms and influence the tools that languages use to facilitate communication. 相似文献
150.
Hannah B. Bayne Luke Harness Brianna Kane Myranda Warfield 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2021,99(1):60-71
In this phenomenological study, we interviewed 12 counselors who identified as both religious and able to provide ethical and competent counseling to lesbian and gay clients. Participants discussed their lived experiences providing counseling. Our analysis revealed three primary themes: seeking congruence, responding to lesbian and gay clients, and cultivating competency. We discuss these findings and identify implications for counselor training and practice. 相似文献