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211.
Recognising identity and emotion conveyed by the face is important for successful social interactions and has thus been the focus of considerable research. Debate has surrounded the extent to which the mechanisms underpinning face emotion and face identity recognition are distinct or share common processes. Here we use an individual differences approach to address this issue. In a well-powered (N?=?605) and age-diverse sample we used structural equation modelling to assess the association between face emotion recognition and face identity recognition ability. We also sought to assess whether this association (if present) reflected visual short-term memory and/or general intelligence (g). We observed a strong positive correlation (r?=?.52) between face emotion recognition ability and face identity recognition ability. This association was reduced in magnitude but still moderate in size (r?=?.28) and highly significant when controlling for measures of g and visual short-term memory. These results indicate that face emotion and face identity recognition abilities in part share a common processing mechanism. We suggest that face processing ability involves multiple functional components and that modelling the sources of individual differences can offer an important perspective on the relationship between these components. 相似文献
212.
Elizabeth A. Maylor Hannah R. Long Rhianne A. Newstead 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(3):386-392
Alcohol has detrimental effects on a range of cognitive processes, the most prominent being episodic memory. These deficits appear functionally similar to those observed within the normal aging population. We investigated whether an associative memory deficit, as found in older adults, would also be evident in young adults moderately intoxicated by alcohol. Participants were shown unrelated word pairs and then tested on both their item recognition (old/new item?) and associative recognition (intact/recombined pair?). Half the participants were under the influence of alcohol whereas the other half were sober. Alcohol impaired memory performance but significantly more so for associative than for item memory. Moreover, within the alcohol group, the associative memory deficit was significantly related to the amount of alcohol consumed. The findings suggest that not all aspects of episodic memory are equally impaired by alcohol, which may have practical implications for criminal investigations involving eye witnesses who have consumed alcohol. 相似文献
213.
214.
Hannah Ginsborg 《Philosophical Studies》2008,137(1):65-77
I criticize recent nonconceptualist readings of Kant’s account of perception on the grounds that the strategy of the Deduction
requires that understanding be involved in the synthesis of imagination responsible for the intentionality of perceptual experience.
I offer an interpretation of the role of understanding in perceptual experience as the consciousness of normativity in the
association of one’s representations. This leads to a reading of Kant which is conceptualist, but in a way which accommodates
considerations favoring nonconceptualism, in particular the primitive character of perceptual experience relative to thought
and judgment.
相似文献
Hannah GinsborgEmail: |
215.
Wendy van Rijswijk Nick Hopkins Hannah Johnston 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2009,19(6):515-520
This paper investigates how the categorization of migrant workers shapes their reception. In an experiment with Northern Irish Protestants we manipulated the representation of Poland to make the Catholicism of Polish migrants either more, or less, salient. Furthermore, judgements of Polish migrants were obtained under conditions designed to encourage participants to believe that sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland was either resolved, or still a strong feature of the present social landscape. Overall, results showed that when Poland's Catholicism was salient, participants were less welcoming of Polish migrants. Furthermore, this effect was mediated by increases in the level of symbolic threat participants believed the migrants posed to participants' (Protestant) community identity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
216.
Nine chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were tested for their ability to assemble or disassemble the appropriate tool to obtain a food reward from two different
apparatus. In its deconstructed form, the tool functioned as a probe for one apparatus. In its constructed form, the tool
functioned as a hook, appropriate for a second apparatus. Each subject completed four test trials with each apparatus type.
Tool types were randomized and counter-balanced between the two forms. Results demonstrated that adult and juvenile chimpanzees
(N = 7) were successful with both tool types, while two infant chimpanzees performed near chance. Off-line video analyses revealed
that tool modifications followed by attempted solutions by the adults and juveniles were typically correct on the first attempt.
Neither infant was successful in modifying tools correctly on the first attempt over all eight trials. The older chimpanzees’
ability to modify the appropriate tool consistently prior to use indicates an immediate recognition of the functional attributes
necessary for the successful use of tool types on each apparatus, and represents a non-replication of a previously reported
study by Povinelli.
相似文献
Sarah T. BoysenEmail: |
217.
Michael Borenstein Jacob Cohen Hannah R. Rothstein Simcha Pollack John M. Kane 《Behavior research methods》1992,24(4):565-572
Computer programs for statistical power analysis typically require the user to provide a series of values and respond by reporting the corresponding power. These programs provide essentially the same functions as a published text, albeit in a more convenient form. In this paper, we describe a program that instead uses innovative graphic techniques to provide insight into the interaction among the factors that determine power. For example, fort tests, the means and standard deviations of the two distributions, sample sizes, and alpha are displayed as bar graphs. As the researcher modifies these values, the corresponding values of beta (also displayed as a bar graph) and power are updated and displayed immediately. By displaying all of the factors that are instrumental in determining power, the program ensures that each will be addressed By allowing the user to determine the impact that any modifications will have on power, the program encourages an appropriate balance between alpha and beta while working within the constraints imposed by a limited sample size. The program also allows the user to generate tables and graphs to document the impact of the various factors on power. In addition, the program enables the user to run on-screen Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate the importance of adequate statistical power, and as such, it can serve as a unique educational tool. 相似文献
218.
C. D. Frith 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1973,25(2):253-259
Twenty-seven subjects tracked targets moving up and down in a straight-line path formed from the sum of three sine waves. There were nine such tracks varying in average frequency and length of repeating subunit. The latter variable had little effect on performance, but low frequency targets were tracked better than high frequency targets. Only the component frequencies present in the tracks were reproduced to any extent in the subjects' performance. For components in different tracks the highest frequencies were reproduced with the lowest amplitude. However, for components within the track the highest frequency component tended to be reproduced with the highest amplitude. In addition the greatest amount of learning appeared in the highest frequency component within a track. 相似文献
219.
U Frith 《Acta psychologica》1974,38(5):343-349
Children and adults scanned arrays of identical shapes for mirror reversed or 180° rotated targets. The decomposition of scanning time into ‘target identification time’ and ‘context scanning time’ indicated that it takes longer to identify reversed than rotated targets but that it takes equally long in both conditions to scan context. This confirms the notion of a specific difficulty in coding mirror reversed shapes.When the shapes used contained vertical lines, ‘scanning time’ increased while ‘target identification time’ was unaffected. This is probably due to a tendency to fixate lines at right angles to the direction of scan and does not reflect a coding difficulty. 相似文献
220.
Uta Frith 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1974,16(1):113-116
MRC Developmental Psychology Unit, Drayton House, Gordon Street, London, W.C.I., England It takes longer to find a normal N embedded in a context of reversed Ns than it takes to find a reversed N embedded in a context of normal Ns. This is true for other letters as well and can be explained by a theory of schema. This theory holds that there is a schema for the normal form of a letter based on past experience, and that this schema is not a static but a flexible construct which is sensitive to the immediate cognitive context. This property of the schema enables recognition even if the letter is presented in a deviating form. A deviation, such as mirror reversal, may at times be as acceptable as the normal form of the letter. This is the case when context stimuli in a scanning task consist of reversed letters. If the target stimulus is the normal form of the letter, it is more difficult to detect since both context and target are accepted as the same letter. 相似文献