群体决策中非共享信息加工的影响因素研究进展

群体决策研究表明群体要实现优化的决策,需要在决策时提取和加工更多的信息,特别是那些为个体所拥有的非共享信息.本文从信息分布、群体特征和决策规则三方面人手考察了非共享信息提取和加工的影响因素研究,归纳了当前对于群体决策中非共享信息提取及加工的心理机制观点、并对非共享信息研究的方法和测量指标加以分析.     

Changes in Multidigit Synergies and Their Feed-Forward Adjustments in Multiple Sclerosis

The authors explored the changes in multidigit synergies in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) within the framework of the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis. The specific hypotheses were that both synergy indices and anticipatory synergy adjustments prior to the initiation of a self-paced quick action would be diminished in the patients compared to age-matched controls. The MS patients and age-matched controls (n = 13 in both groups) performed one-finger and multifinger force production tasks involving both accurate steady-state force production and quick force pulses. The patients showed significantly lower maximal finger forces and a tendency toward slower force pulses. Enslaving was increased in MS, but only in the lateral fingers (index and little). Indices of multifinger synergies during steady-state force production were lower in MS, mainly due to the lower amount of intertrial variance that did not affect total force. Anticipatory synergy adjustments were significantly delayed in MS. The results show that MS leads to significant changes in multidigit synergies and feed-forward adjustments of the synergies prior to a quick action. The authors discuss possible contributions of subcortical structures to the impaired synergic control.     

CONFUCIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS,CLIMATE ENGINEERING,AND THE “PLAYING GOD” ARGUMENT

The burgeoning literature on the ethical issues raised by climate engineering has explored various normative questions associated with the research and deployment of climate engineering, and has examined a number of responses to them. While researchers have noted the ethical issues from climate engineering are global in nature, much of the discussion proceeds predominately with ethical framework in the Anglo‐American and European traditions, which presume particular normative standpoints and understandings of human–nature relationship. The current discussion on the ethical issues, therefore, is far from being a genuine global dialogue. The aim of this article is to address the lack of intercultural exchange by exploring the ethics of climate engineering from a perspective of Confucian environmental ethics. Drawing from the existing discussion on Confucian environmental ethics and Confucian ethics of technology, I discuss what Confucian ethics can contribute to the ethical debate on climate engineering.     

性别刻板印象的人际传播特点研究——基于社会认同理论或社会支配理论?

为探讨性别刻板印象的传播更符合社会认同理论还是社会支配理论的假设,采用单一复述故事法来研究不同性别的传播者、故事主人公和听众在传播一致性性别刻板印象信息和不一致性别刻板印象信息的过程中所表现出的特点。结果发现:男性更少地传播不利于维持阶层差异的不一致性刻板印象,女性更多地传播打破现有阶层划分的男性不一致刻板印象。这些传播特点都较为支持社会支配理论的假设。。     

为什么和声能诱发音乐情感?——音乐协和性的作用及其认知机制

音乐是高级意识活动产生的声音艺术, 对人类的情感表达和交流具有重要意义。作为连接音乐与情绪的核心要素, 协和性的形成原理至今仍然未有定论。人类如何加工多个音符构成的和声?为什么一些和声听起来协和(愉悦), 一些和声听起来不协和(不愉悦)?协和感究竟是自下而上的声学感知还是自上而下的审美体验?从古希腊时代至今, 这些问题就一直吸引着学者的目光。物理学家从协和与不协和的声学区别中寻找答案, 生理学家从听觉生理机制方面分析协和感的产生, 心理学家研究协和音程偏好是与生俱来的还是后天形成的。目前, 音乐协和性的理论内容主要以西方音乐为主, 中国传统民族音乐迫切需要开展相关的实证研究。     

论如何培养中小学生的创新精神

本文分析了创新与创造的本质、层次和我国教育至今未培养出获诺贝尔奖的科学家的一部分原因,论述了中小学生创新与创造的定位、创新精神的含义以及如何培养中小学生创新精神的策略与措施。     

道德意识

绝大部分伦理学理论都面临其在现实世界中无效的困境,这由伦理学的理论性质本身所造成.人们的道德观和道德行为不是通过伦理学,而是通过许多其它不同的途径来获得和实现的.     

合作学习认知研究综述

到20世纪末期,合作学习研究转向对其认知过程的分析,当前的研究将合作学习过程分成了两个阶段。第一阶段是个体知识建构阶段,在该阶段中,合作性理解监控过程是对心理模型的比较过程。第二阶段是合作性联合结构阶段,该阶段的研究主要集中在精制、商讨、冲突三个方面,这些研究对教学干预提供了重要的理论借鉴。     

青少年攻击行为干预研究的新进展

攻击行为是影响青少年心理行为发展的重要因素,青少年某些心理行为发展结果也与攻击行为相关。因此．攻击行为发展作为一个世界性的课题引起了众多研究者的专注。该文从干预实质、干预发端、干预效果、干预方法等方面考察了国外近年来青少年攻击行为发展的研究成果。同时该文指出信息互联网络时代青少年攻击行为可能表现出新的特点。该文也指出现有研究的主要特点与未来研究的发展趋势。