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31.
时代精神与当代心理学   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
时代精神是一个历史时期的社会、哲学和科学发展的总体思潮,即一个时代的意识形态。它影响着一个时期的学术思想倾向。在心理学的发展史中,时代精神的影响是明显的。文章从时代精神的视角对20世纪心理学的发展做出概述,谈到20世纪初行为主义如何顺应了美国的实用主义思想而产生和发展。20世纪下半叶,知识经济的时代精神孕育了认知心理学的诞生。当前的时代精神可以称为世界的全球化,这带来了心理学的广泛交流——心理学的国际化。文章最后讨论了心理学的现代特点及可能远景。  相似文献   
32.
为考察初中生依恋风格与欺凌保护行为的关系,同时探讨社会支持和欺凌应对效能的链式中介作用,采用问卷法对565名初中生进行调查。结果发现:(1)依恋焦虑与欺凌保护行为呈显著正相关,依恋回避与欺凌保护行为呈显著负相关;(2)社会支持和欺凌应对效能在依恋回避与欺凌保护行为之间起链式中介作用。若要增加依恋回避初中生的欺凌保护行为,应注重为其提供社会支持,提升欺凌应对效能。  相似文献   
33.
An ultrametric is shown equivalent to a matrix that is idempotent under a particular definition of matrix multiplication. By considering ultrametrics in terms of semirings and lattices, the clustering methods Bk of Jardine and Sibson are reinterpreted using this nonstandard operation.  相似文献   
34.
悄悄到来的基督教话语体系今天,一种全新的话语霸权已悄悄渗透到了各个领域,——这是一种流行而时髦的思潮,它试图在中国今天出现的诸多问题中,抽象出这样一种结论,中国引进西方现代一切思想成果都是不够的, 还得引进其文化,这文化不是别的,是基督教信仰。这种观点认为,基督教是西方文化的母体,没有基督教无法孕育出今天的西方文明,而不引进母体,便无法引进产儿。它来的比以往的任何话语体系都更有渗透性, ——法学家们在讨论宪政时反复强调基督教对宪政的重要性:自由主义者们极力论证没有基督教的基础,就不会有真正的自由主义,就不会有真正的民主;而经济学家也开始强调,没有基督教,甚至市  相似文献   
35.
It has been proposed that self-face representations are involved in interpreting facial emotions of others. We experimentally primed participants' self-face representations. In Study 1, we assessed eye tracking patterns and performance on a facial emotion discrimination task, and in Study 2, we assessed emotion ratings between self and nonself groups. Results show that experimental priming of self-face representations increases visual exploration of faces, facilitates the speed of facial expression processing, and increases the emotional distance between expressions. These findings suggest that the ability to interpret facial expressions of others is intimately associated with the representations we have of our own faces.  相似文献   
36.
目的:了解服刑人员的社会适应状况,探讨服刑人员社会适应状况与其早期父母教养方式、应对方式之间的关系。方法:采用服刑人员社会适应量表、父母教养方式问卷和简易应对方式问卷对92名服刑人员进行调查。结果:(1)服刑人员的社会适应水平较劳教人员差;(2)服刑人员的早期父母教养方式与常模组有显著差异;(3)服刑人员的应对方式与常模组有显著差异,其积极应对和消极应对两个因子的得分都显著高于常模组;(4)服刑人员的父母教养方式、应对方式与社会适应准备状况之间存在一定程度的关系;(5)不同类型的服刑人员,其父母教养方式、应对方式和社会适应状况没有显著差异。结论:提高服刑人员的社会适应水平,帮助服刑人员做好回归社会的心理准备,是预防和减少再犯罪的有效途径。  相似文献   
37.
    
This experiment evaluated the effects of training tutors to use an instructional package to teach pronunciation and translation of the Chinese language. Tutors' correct use of the package increased from 68% of trials to 92% after training, and student correct pronunciation increased from 45% to 90%, with similar effects for translation. Continued use of the package, high social validity, and extended follow-up suggest that use of the package may be sustainable.  相似文献   
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39.
    
According to the Work/Family Border Theory, the pandemic-induced disruptions, such as widespread teleworking adoption, have blurred work and family boundaries. Meanwhile, the Work–Home Resources Model posited that the impact of such disruptions on work–family conflicts and mental health depends on individual resources. Building on previous research, this study hypothesised that self-compassion and self-control mitigate pandemic burnout by reducing work–family conflicts during pandemic. In particular, we proposed that the proactive nature of self-compassion motivates individuals to seek resources for managing work–family conflicts, while self-control translates this motivation into action through behavioural regulation and adaptive coping. Using a three-wave longitudinal design with 568 participants in China during heightened pandemic severity, the study revealed that both self-compassion and self-control were associated with lower pandemic burnout, mediated through reduced work–family conflict. The indirect effect of self-compassion on pandemic burnout via work–family conflicts was significant only for individuals with high or average self-control, emphasising the complementary role of both factors. Our findings underscore the protective value of self-compassion and self-control in navigating work–family conflicts during collective adversities, advocating for their incorporation in theoretical frameworks and practical intervention.  相似文献   
40.
    
Loneliness becomes more prevalent as youth transition from childhood into adolescence. A key underlying process may be the puberty-related increase in biological stress reactivity, which can alter social behavior and elicit conflict or social withdrawal (fight-or-flight behaviors) in some youth, but increase prosocial (tend-and-befriend) responses in others. In this article, we propose an integrative theoretical model that identifies the social, personality, and biological characteristics underlying individual differences in social–behavioral responses to stress. This model posits a vicious cycle whereby youth who respond to stress with fight-or-flight tendencies develop increasing and chronic levels of loneliness across adolescence, whereas youth who display tend-and-befriend behaviors may be buffered from these consequences. Based on research supporting this model, we propose multiple avenues for intervention to curtail the prevalence of loneliness in adolescence by targeting key factors involved in its development: social relationships, personality, and stress-induced behavioral and biological changes.  相似文献   
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