Taiwanese immigrant mothers' childcare preferences: socialization for bicultural competency

This paper explores how middle-class Taiwanese immigrant mothers in the United States defined the benefits of placing their children in predominantly White American childcare centers instead of using more culturally familiar forms of care. From in-depth interviews with seven Taiwanese immigrant mothers, it was learned that they viewed these settings positively, even though their children were not in cultural environments that mirrored their homes and ethnic communities. Mothers explained that they purposefully chose this type of setting because 1) they desired to develop their children's social competency in U.S. society; 2) they perceived U.S. childcare settings as multicultural and accepting of diverse cultures even if they were in the minority; and 3) they were confident that their children's participation in their own Taiwanese ethnic community would ensure the maintenance of their children's ethnic identity and knowledge of their parents' culture. For these reasons, they did not seek out race matching or cultural congruity between childcare centers and their homes. Instead, mothers viewed the childcare center as part of their overall socialization strategy for developing their children's bicultural competency in both their heritage culture as well as U.S. society.     

关于不确定性与风险社会的沉思——从日本“3·11”大地震中的福岛核电站事故谈起

2011年3月11日,日本发生了9级特大地震,随后引发的海啸造成了更大危害,除了数额巨大的财产损失之外,更加让人震惊的是福岛第一核电站的一、三、二、四号机组先后发生爆炸,使日本和邻国一时间笼罩在令人恐怖的核阴云之下。这次突如其来的灾难,不仅让人想起历史上许多损失惨重的大地震,而且也让人想起1979年美国三里岛核泄露事件以及1986年乌克兰切尔诺贝利核灾难。     

How to measure post-error slowing: A confound and a simple solution

In many response time tasks, people slow down after they make an error. This phenomenon of post-error slowing (PES) is thought to reflect an increase in response caution, that is, a heightening of response thresholds in order to increase the probability of a correct response at the expense of response speed. In many empirical studies, PES is quantified as the difference in response time (RT) between post-error trials and post-correct trials. Here we demonstrate that this standard measurement method is prone to contamination by global fluctuations in performance over the course of an experiment. Diffusion model simulations show how global fluctuations in performance can cause either spurious detection of PES or masking of PES. Both confounds are highly undesirable and can be eliminated by a simple solution: quantify PES as the difference in RT between post-error trials and the associated pre-error trials. Experimental data are used as an empirical illustration.     

Alerting and orienting of attention without visual awareness

Two types of the attentional network, alerting and orienting, help organisms respond to environmental events for survival in the temporal and spatial dimensions, respectively. Here, we applied chromatic flicker beyond the critical fusion frequency to address whether awareness was necessary for activation of the two attentional networks. We found that high-frequency chromatic flicker, despite its failure to reach awareness, produced the alerting and orienting effects, supporting the dissociation between attention and awareness. Furthermore, as the flicker frequency increased, the orienting effect attenuated whereas the alerting effect remained unchanged. According to the systematic decline in temporal frequency sensitivity across the visual hierarchy, this finding suggests that unconscious alerting might be associated with activity in earlier visual areas than unconscious orienting. Since high-frequency flicker has been demonstrated to only activate early visual cortex, we suppose that neural activation in early visual areas might be sufficient to activate the two attentional networks.     

铜镜与早期道教

AATOSMI从出土文物来看,从西汉末期开始,铜镜纹饰一扫春秋战国及汉初朴素简单的风格而趋于华丽与复杂,其中最突出的一点便是反映道家思想的题材广泛流行。西汉前期铸造的铜镜在纹饰上与战国镜相比并无多大差别,在样式及题材方面多继承战国,少有创新。至汉武帝时期,真正意义上的汉代铜镜开始兴起,东汉后期画像镜与神兽镜异军突起,其镜面纹饰大量采用神仙思想的题材。这其中有两个重要内容与早期道教关系极为密切:一是西王母为代表的道教神仙,二是渴求长生不老的镜铭。汉代画像镜中大量西王母及其他神仙画像的出现正是当时社会历史的真实反…     

论民族时代精神对心理学派别形成的影响

心理学是研究人的心理活动规律的科学,而研究心理学的过程无疑问也是一系列心理活动的过程。在研究心理学的心理活动过程中,不同民族的心理学家必然要受本民族的时代精神所影响。从这个角度来分析心理学派别的形成就不难发现:构造派和格式派心理学之所以产生于德国;机能派和行为派心理学之所以产生于美国,决非历史的偶然,它与本民族的时代精神有着密不可分的联系。中华民族的时代精神也必将对建立具有中国特色的心理学产生积极的影响。     

加工水平对不同类型内隐记忆测试的影响

许多内隐记忆研究表明 ,加工水平影响外显记忆而不影响内隐记忆 ,这样的实验结果被一些研究者认为是外显记忆与内隐记忆系统分离的重要依据之一。实际上 ,内隐记忆研究中的加工水平问题一直存在争议 ,加工水平效应作为两类记忆系统分离的依据是不充分的。在我们的这项实验中 ,结果表明 ,加工水平影响概念样例生成这种内隐记忆测试而不影响知觉辨认测试。     

汉字部件信息数据库的建立──部件和部件组合频率的统计分析

用ＦｏｘＢＡＳＥ语言统计了６７６３个基本汉字集合中的部件和部件组合的频度信息,建立了“部件数据库”和“部件组合数据库”。前者包含５６７个部件;后者包含汉字中实际存在的７５８３个两部件组合。统计结果表明部件和部件组合均呈偏态分布,绝大多数的频率很低。这两个数据库不仅可应用于研究汉字认知中整体和局部的关系、汉字的学习和记忆,而且也可供汉字学的定量研究、中文信息的计算机处理研究参考。