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951.
AATOSMI从出土文物来看,从西汉末期开始,铜镜纹饰一扫春秋战国及汉初朴素简单的风格而趋于华丽与复杂,其中最突出的一点便是反映道家思想的题材广泛流行。西汉前期铸造的铜镜在纹饰上与战国镜相比并无多大差别,在样式及题材方面多继承战国,少有创新。至汉武帝时期,真正意义上的汉代铜镜开始兴起,东汉后期画像镜与神兽镜异军突起,其镜面纹饰大量采用神仙思想的题材。这其中有两个重要内容与早期道教关系极为密切:一是西王母为代表的道教神仙,二是渴求长生不老的镜铭。汉代画像镜中大量西王母及其他神仙画像的出现正是当时社会历史的真实反… 相似文献
952.
When rats had to find new (jackpot) objects for rewards from among previously sampled baited objects, increasing the number of objects in the sample (study) segment of a trial from 3 to 5 and then to 7 (Experiment 1) or from 3 to 6 and 9 (Experiments 2 and 3) or from 6 to 9 and 12 (Experiment 4) did not reduce rats’ test segment performance. Increasing study segment size improved test segment performance contrary the limited-capacity hypothesis concerning rats’ spatial working memory. This effect occurred when objects either differed visually (Experiments 1, 2, 4) or only by odor (Experiment 3). Rats performed no better than chance in finding a jackpot on their first choice from among three visually different objects in Experiments 1 and 2. Furthermore, results from Experiments 2 and 3 indicate that differences in the probability of finding a jackpot by chance in Experiment 1 were not responsible for failure to find the predicted inverse relationship. Results from Experiment 4 indicate that those from Experiments 2 and 3 were not solely due to size of test arrays. We discussed whether our findings could be attributed to innate foraging or perceptual isolation processes during testing or to perceptual encoding processes during exposure to study segment arrays. 相似文献
953.
Amori Yee Mikami Matthew D. Lerner Marissa Swaim Griggs Alison McGrath Casey D. Calhoun 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(6):737-749
We report findings from a pilot intervention that trained parents to be “friendship coaches” for their children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD). Parents of 62 children with ADHD (ages 6–10; 68% male) were randomly assigned to receive the parental friendship
coaching (PFC) intervention, or to be in a no-treatment control group. Families of 62 children without ADHD were included
as normative comparisons. PFC was administered in eight, 90-minute sessions to parents; there was no child treatment component.
Parents were taught to arrange a social context in which their children were optimally likely to develop good peer relationships.
Receipt of PFC predicted improvements in children’s social skills and friendship quality on playdates as reported by parents,
and peer acceptance and rejection as reported by teachers unaware of treatment status. PFC also predicted increases in observed
parental facilitation and corrective feedback, and reductions in criticism during the child’s peer interaction, which mediated
the improvements in children’s peer relationships. However, no effects for PFC were found on the number of playdates hosted
or on teacher report of child social skills. Findings lend initial support to a treatment model that targets parental behaviors
to address children’s peer problems. 相似文献
954.
On the basis of several reviews of the literature, Lynn [Lynn, R., (2006). Race differences in intelligence: An evolutionary analysis. Augusta, GA: Washington Summit Publishers.] and Lynn and Vanhanen [Lynn, R., & Vanhanen, T., (2006). IQ and global inequality. Augusta, GA: Washington Summit Publishers.] concluded that the average IQ of the Black population of sub-Saharan Africa lies below 70. In this paper, the authors systematically review published empirical data on the performance of Africans on the following IQ tests: Draw-A-Man (DAM) test, Kaufman-Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), the Wechsler scales (WAIS & WISC), and several other IQ tests (but not the Raven's tests). Inclusion and exclusion criteria are explicitly discussed. Results show that average IQ of Africans on these tests is approximately 82 when compared to UK norms. We provide estimates of the average IQ per country and estimates on the basis of alternative inclusion criteria. Our estimate of average IQ converges with the finding that national IQs of sub-Saharan African countries as predicted from several international studies of student achievement are around 82. It is suggested that this estimate should be considered in light of the Flynn Effect. It is concluded that more psychometric studies are needed to address the issue of measurement bias of western IQ tests for Africans. 相似文献
955.
Jun Liu Ho Kwong Kwan Long‐zeng Wu Weiku Wu 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2010,83(4):835-856
This study examined the link between abusive supervision and subordinate supervisor‐directed deviance by focusing on the moderating role of traditionality and the mediating role of revenge cognitions directed towards supervisors. The results of analysing 283 supervisor–subordinate dyads in six private electronic companies and 222 supervisor–subordinate dyads in two state‐owned oil and gas companies in the People's Republic of China showed that abusive supervision was positively related to revenge cognitions directed towards supervisors and to supervisor‐directed deviance. In addition, traditionality moderated the above relationships such that they were stronger among low traditionalists than among high ones, while revenge cognitions mediated the main effect of abusive supervision and the interactive effect of abusive supervision and traditionality on supervisor‐directed deviance. 相似文献
956.
957.
Zhen Han 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2010,5(1):134-141
If modernity is manifested as essentialism, postmodernity is manifested as anti-essentialism. Modernity is, in essence, human
beings’ discovery of their own power, and is based on rational knowledge that has grasped the essence of things. In fact,
in the discourse system of modernity, the various concepts of “essence” connote nothing but people’s imaginative constructions
and rational conjectures about objects. In the past, our order, be it internal or external, was in essence guaranteed by God.
Afterwards, all “essences”, as essences, must rationally prove the reason for their existence. In the postmodern context and
discourse system, God, and also the “human being” who has created essence, has “died”. We should not simply resume the belief
in traditional essence, but should reconstruct, on the basis of a full understanding of the intellectual meaning of postmodernity’s
challenges, some historicity, practicality, and the concept of essence that accords with the historical as well as communicative
rationality. We must realize that the essence of things is the essence of particular things in a particular stage of development,
internally containing infinite differences and variety. Only things with postmodern traits contain modernity, and only the
concept of essence that conceives difference accords with time. 相似文献
958.
D. Stephen Long 《Modern Theology》2019,35(3):496-507
Long draws from the Old Testament scholar Walter Brueggemann's commentary on Jeremiah some strong reasons for rejecting the traditional teaching on divine simplicity. Above all, for Brueggemann the book of Jeremiah simply will not work if God is simple: God explicitly tells Jeremiah that God suffers and also that God changes in response to Israel. According to Long, however, Thomas Aquinas's doctrine of divine simplicity actually upholds the points that Brueggemann draws from Jeremiah. Long argues that theological accounts of divine simplicity should especially have two purposes: to serve as a way of manifesting in speech the mystery of the Triune God, and to affirm God's transcendent sovereignty over creation. In light of Brueggemann's approach, Long examines four early Reformed theologians: Peter Vermigli (1499‐1562), Girolamo Zanchi (1516‐1590), John Biddle (1615‐1662) and John Owen (1616‐1683). While Biddle rejects divine simplicity, the others uphold it. Long shows that their teaching on divine simplicity focuses on God's transcendent sovereignty over creation. By contrast, Long finds Aquinas's doctrine of divine simplicity to be more helpful in upholding Brueggemann's insights, insofar as Aquinas uses the doctrine to defend the simplicity of the Triune God. Rather than focusing on God's sovereign power, Aquinas's doctrine of divine simplicity focuses on getting the Trinitarian processions right. 相似文献
959.
Eunkyong Kim Seo‐Eun Cho Kyoung‐Sae Na Han‐Yong Jung Kang‐Joon Lee Seong‐Jin Cho Dae‐Guen Han 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2019,49(2):393-400
Many studies have reported that suicides tend to occur on Mondays. However, owing to a lack of controls, conclusive findings on the potential effects of a day of the week on suicides have been lacking. We analyzed public data for causes of death from 1997 to 2015 in the Republic of Korea. Accidental death was used as a control group. The probability of suicide on each day of the week according to age group was calculated. A total of 377,204 deaths (188,601 suicides and 188,603 accidental deaths) were used. The frequency of suicide was highest on Monday and decreased throughout the week until Saturday. Accidental death was highest on Saturday and showed no variations according to weekday. For people in their teens and 20s, the probabilities of suicide on Monday were 9% and 10% higher, respectively, than those on Sunday. As age increased, the differences in suicide probability according to the day of the week were attenuated. The so‐called Blue Monday effect is real, particularly for people in their teens and 20s. Suicide prevention strategies that aim to attenuate the burden and stress of Mondays should be planned. 相似文献
960.