帛书《老子》的特殊体系所反映的学术思想特色

帛书《老子》甲、乙两本均为“德”篇在前,“道”篇在后,对于这一特殊体系,学术界曾经提出过很多富有启发性的见解,但始终未能达成共识。本文认为《老子》一书统言“道”“德”,以《老子》原本就是“道”前“德”后顺序作为推论的前提是不可靠的。帛书《老子》的“德”前“道”后体系远在韩非之前的黄老学者那里就已经固定,它反映了《老子》文本发展史上开始以篇题分篇的初始面貌,同时也符合时代思维发展的特点。今本体系的《老子》出自战国晚期的法家学者之手,而这个法家学者很可能就是韩非。     

The role of inhibitory control in the development of analogical reasoning: From general to specific

This study examined the role of inhibitory control in the development of analogical reasoning using inter-task priming paradigms. In Experiment 1, 25 seven-year-olds, 27 nine-year-olds, and 27 adults completed Stroop tasks, which activated general inhibitory control ability, before analogical reasoning tasks. Children and adults performed faster on analogical reasoning tasks when they were primed by Stroop tasks. This priming effect was found to be stronger in children than in adults. In Experiment 2, 25 seven-year-olds, 28 nine-year-olds, and 28 adults completed relative number matching tasks, a more task-relevant inhibitory control task, before analogical reasoning tasks. The children and adults performed faster on analogical reasoning tasks when primed by relative number matching tasks. The priming effect was greater in seven-year-olds than in nine-year-olds and was greater in nine-year-olds than in adults. Thus, inhibitory control, whether assessed with general or specific tasks, played a priming role in analogical reasoning.     

新西兰华人移民基督徒宗教应对的心理测量特性

本研究评估简版宗教应对(Religious Coping)量表(Brief-RCOPE,B-RCOPE)汉化版在151名新西兰华人移民基督徒中的信度与效度。探索性因子分析提取积极宗教应对(PRC)、消极宗教应对(NRC)两个因子,PRC、NRC及整体Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.859、0.746以及0.757;第7个、第13个项目因子载荷偏低;PRC与心理韧性显著正相关,NRC与生活满意度显著负相关,问卷实证效度较好。汉化B-RCOPE适用于华人基督徒群体。条目7和13需要更大样本做进一步研究。     

美国青年的宗教信仰状况研究

本文通过对美国青年宗教信仰状况相关研究的梳理,呈现了美国青年宗教信仰的一些典型变化和发展。美国青年的宗教信仰状况体现了20世纪以来西方社会宗教世俗化、私人化的整体发展趋势。借鉴美国的情况,我们应坚守自身立场,扎根本土、结合时代,以一种严谨科学的态度推进我国青年的宗教信仰状况研究。     

"脑死亡=死亡"生物医学定律的逻辑论证

心脏具有顽固自律性、可多次复苏性、功能可人工替代性、可多次置换性四大特点,因而已失去作为死亡判定权威器官的地位.而大脑由于具有统领性、损坏后不可恢复性、功能不可替代性、全脑不可置换性四大特点,已替代心脏成为死亡判定的靶器官."脑死亡=死亡"在相当长时期内都将是一个严格的科学定义.     

儿童类比推理的影响因素及干预促进

类比推理这一重要认知能力能够帮助儿童在未经历过的复杂情况下进行推断和学习。近年来研究者主要从行为研究、计算机模型和眼动技术的角度探究了儿童抑制控制和工作记忆在类比推理中的交互作用模式及类比推理策略对类比推理的影响。在此基础上,研究者围绕语言标签和物理表征两方面对儿童类比推理进行了干预研究。儿童类比推理的未来研究应着眼于改进研究方法、关注类比推理各加工阶段影响因素及加强儿童类比推理策略的干预应用研究。     

从观看到倾听——列维纳斯论道德意识

现象学自其创始以来,就将伦理学视为现象学研究的一个重要问题。在胡塞尔看来,关于现象学的伦理学的考察需要从意识开始。与胡塞尔相似,列维纳斯对于伦理学的研究也将道德意识作为其研究的核心。然而,与胡塞尔将道德意识奠基于意识表象行为基础不同,列维纳斯在批判表象优先性的同时将道德意识视为奠基性的。并且,列维纳斯将其对表象的批判和对道德意识的阐释,分别对应于"观看"和"倾听"两种模式。这也成为我们检讨列维纳斯与经典现象学异同的一个有趣入手点。     

A Bivariate Generalized Linear Item Response Theory Modeling Framework to the Analysis of Responses and Response Times

A generalized linear modeling framework to the analysis of responses and response times is outlined. In this framework, referred to as bivariate generalized linear item response theory (B-GLIRT), separate generalized linear measurement models are specified for the responses and the response times that are subsequently linked by cross-relations. The cross-relations can take various forms. Here, we focus on cross-relations with a linear or interaction term for ability tests, and cross-relations with a curvilinear term for personality tests. In addition, we discuss how popular existing models from the psychometric literature are special cases in the B-GLIRT framework depending on restrictions in the cross-relation. This allows us to compare existing models conceptually and empirically. We discuss various extensions of the traditional models motivated by practical problems. We also illustrate the applicability of our approach using various real data examples, including data on personality and cognitive ability.     

Tension and compression of bulk Al-7.5 wt% Mg alloy

The mechanical behaviour of bulk ultrafine-grained Al-7.5 wt% Mg alloy consolidated from cryomilled powders has been investigated. The experimental data show that the alloy exhibits high strength, low strain hardening, serrated flow and relatively high ductility. In addition, the data indicate that the yield strength in tension is essentially equal to that in compression. The yield and flow strengths of the alloy are discussed in terms of strengthening processes that are related to grain size, the Orowan mechanism and solid-solution hardening. The serrations in the stress-strain curve are discussed in terms of dynamic strain ageing and deformation twinning.