FOK产生机制的实验研究

通过以初中生和大学生为被试的两个实验探讨了FOK（Feeling-of-Knowing即“熟知感”）的产生机制,是线索熟悉性还是靶项目的可提取性（或记忆强度）决定FOK判断的等级。识记材料为90对中文词对.分前后两部分让被试识记,前后两部分词对之间安排三种关系：①完全相同;②仅线索词相同,③完全不同,这三种关系可选成不同的靶项目记忆强度和不同的线索熟悉性.两组实验结果一致表明,FOK的等级判断的高低取决于线索熟悉程度,而不随靶项目的记忆强度而变化.     

中文双字词的具体性效应研究

通过词汇决定任务来考察中文双字词的具体性效应,并检验双重编码理论和语境有效性模型对具体性效应的预测。实验一在刺激单独呈现的条件下操纵词的频率,结果发现在低频的情况下对抽象词的判断时间显著长于具体词,但是在中频情况下没有显著差异;实验二用低频具体词和低频抽象词做重复启动实验,发现重复启动不能消除具体性效应;实验三为低频具体词和低频抽象词提供句子语境,结果发现在一致性句子语境条件下具体性效应消失。以上实验结果既不完全符合双重编码理论的预测,也不完全符合语境有效性模型的预测。     

加工水平对不同类型内隐记忆测试的影响

许多内隐记忆研究表明 ,加工水平影响外显记忆而不影响内隐记忆 ,这样的实验结果被一些研究者认为是外显记忆与内隐记忆系统分离的重要依据之一。实际上 ,内隐记忆研究中的加工水平问题一直存在争议 ,加工水平效应作为两类记忆系统分离的依据是不充分的。在我们的这项实验中 ,结果表明 ,加工水平影响概念样例生成这种内隐记忆测试而不影响知觉辨认测试。     

从心血管疾病的美国模式看肿瘤的中国模式

近年来,心脑血管疾病和癌症的死亡率在世界范围内已上升至前三位。自从美国通过改变生活方式,以控制心血管疾病的方针以来,心血管疾病的患病率减少了５０％,死亡率降低了２５％,人们称之为心血管疾病的美国模式。与此相应的是上海市癌症俱乐部提出了“群体抗癌”的新模式,倡导了“第四医学”和“第三人生”的新理论,１０年努力的结果,使癌症患者的５年生存率延长了３倍,１０年生存率延长了２－３倍,创造了癌症康复的中国模     

Parallel and competitive processes in hierarchical analysis: perceptual grouping and encoding of closure.

The role of perceptual grouping and the encoding of closure of local elements in the processing of hierarchical patterns was studied. Experiments 1 and 2 showed a global advantage over the local level for 2 tasks involving the discrimination of orientation and closure, but there was a local advantage for the closure discrimination task relative to the orientation discrimination task. Experiment 3 showed a local precedence effect for the closure discrimination task when local element grouping was weakened by embedding the stimuli from Experiment 1 in a background made up of cross patterns. Experiments 4A and 4B found that dissimilarity of closure between the local elements of hierarchical stimuli and the background figures could facilitate the grouping of closed local elements and enhanced the perception of global structure. Experiment 5 showed that the advantage for detecting the closure of local elements in hierarchical analysis also held under divided- and selective-attention conditions. Results are consistent with the idea that grouping between local elements takes place in parallel and competes with the computation of closure of local elements in determining the selection between global and local levels of hierarchical patterns for response.     

汉字部件信息数据库的建立──部件和部件组合频率的统计分析

用ＦｏｘＢＡＳＥ语言统计了６７６３个基本汉字集合中的部件和部件组合的频度信息,建立了“部件数据库”和“部件组合数据库”。前者包含５６７个部件;后者包含汉字中实际存在的７５８３个两部件组合。统计结果表明部件和部件组合均呈偏态分布,绝大多数的频率很低。这两个数据库不仅可应用于研究汉字认知中整体和局部的关系、汉字的学习和记忆,而且也可供汉字学的定量研究、中文信息的计算机处理研究参考。     

Static laws in a dynamic psychology?

In reply to Lamiell's (1991) criticism, we argue that his notion of nomothesis reflects a Newtonian, mechanistic notion of lawfulness and that his otherwise justified attack on the individual differences paradigm is an overreaction to an era that is dominated by this paradigm.     

Trust in God: The COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Religiosity in China

Emerging research shows the COVID-19 pandemic has made substantial changes to the religious climate of several nations. Surprisingly, China, the outbreak center of the pandemic, has been scarcely researched. Our study investigates how the COVID-19 pandemic has evoked new religious disaster responses and provided psychological coping mechanisms during the pandemic. We also explore how the pandemic explains surprising rates of religiosity in China. Scholars have long proposed that religious resurgence in China has been a result of individuals seeking stability in turbulent times. We bridge parallel Literatures in these areas and treat the pandemic as a natural experiment for evaluating religious behavior over time as conditioned by heightened risk perception. Utilizing a difference-in-differences estimation strategy with panel data, our study reveals that the pandemic has led to a significant increase in religiosity in China, particularly in religious areas most affected by the pandemic. We propose that even in a highly regulative religious environment, with most of its population being religiously unaffiliated, religion is a significant resource for coping in China. We take an innovative approach to demonstrate this by utilizing online search data. Our research speaks to the sociology of religion, the social psychology of risk perception, and makes application to emerging research on the unfolding COVID-19 pandemic.     

死亡凸显对消费者体验性消费选择偏好的影响及其作用机制

消费者的决策心理与购买行为会受到周边环境暴露的死亡信息的影响发生变化。本文从意义维持模型出发,通过4个实验探讨了死亡凸显对消费者体验性消费选择偏好的影响及其作用机制。结果发现,死亡凸显情境下消费者更倾向选择体验性消费。进一步分析发现,死亡凸显通过降低消费者的生命意义感提高了其对体验性消费的选择偏好。同时,社会支持对此间接效应起到了缓冲作用。研究结果初步揭示,补偿生命意义感的缺失是死亡凸显增加体验性消费选择的潜在机制,这也为新冠疫情背景下的消费者决策行为干预提供了一定参考。     

奖惩对行为抑制及程序阶段中自主生理反应的影响

采用停止信号任务探讨奖惩条件对行为抑制和程序阶段中自主生理反应的影响。结果显示：(1)奖惩组的反应时显著高于控制组, 抑制失败率则显著低于控制组; (2)奖励组与其它两组相比表现出心率显著增加和皮肤电活动显著降低; (3)各生理指标在准备、工作和奖惩阶段中的奖惩差异性显著(4)奖惩条件下皮肤电活动呈现出一致性程序阶段变化。结果表明：奖惩条件均对行为具有抑制作用, 但在自主生理反应上则有显著差异; 各生理指标在准备、工作和奖惩阶段的情绪效价显著; 皮肤电活动的程序阶段变化显著, 但其奖惩效价较为稳定, 很少接受程序阶段变化的影响。