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Present optimization techniques in latent class analysis apply the expectation maximization algorithm or the Newton-Raphson
algorithm for optimizing the parameter values of a prespecified model. These techniques can be used to find maximum likelihood
estimates of the parameters, given the specified structure of the model, which is defined by the number of classes and, possibly,
fixation and equality constraints. The model structure is usually chosen on theoretical grounds. A large variety of structurally
different latent class models can be compared using goodness-of-fit indices of the chi-square family, Akaike’s information
criterion, the Bayesian information criterion, and various other statistics. However, finding the optimal structure for a
given goodness-of-fit index often requires a lengthy search in which all kinds of model structures are tested. Moreover, solutions
may depend on the choice of initial values for the parameters. This article presents a new method by which one can simultaneously
infer the model structure from the data and optimize the parameter values. The method consists of a genetic algorithm in which
any goodness-of-fit index can be used as a fitness criterion. In a number of test cases in which data sets from the literature
were used, it is shown that this method provides models that fit equally well as or better than the models suggested in the
original articles. 相似文献
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Analysis of accuracy of responses to balance scale problems gives a global idea of the cognitive processes that underlie problem-solving behavior on this task. We show that response times (RTs) provide additional detailed information about the kind and duration of these processes. We derive predictions about the RTs from Siegler's (1981) model for the balance scale task, including the counterintuitive prediction that young adults are slower than children in solving particular balance scale problems. The predictions were tested in a study in which 191 6- to 22-year-old participants were presented with a computerized balance scale task. RTs were analyzed with regression models. In addition to qualitative differences between items, we also modeled quantitative differences between items in the regression models. Analyses supported the predictions and provided additional knowledge on the rules. Rule II was reformulated as a rule that always involves the encoding, but not always the correct application of the distance cue. RTs provided evidence for the use of a buggy-rule and not an addition-rule. Finally, a relation between rule inconsistency and increased RT was found. 相似文献
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Chong-suk Han Scott E. Rutledge Lisa Bond Jennifer Lauby Archana Bodas LaPollo 《Sexuality & culture》2014,18(1):89-102
Although the notion of a down low life style, called various things at various times, has a long history in the black community, the past few years have been marked by an exponential increase in attention of this phenomenon in both the mainstream press and scholarly work. However, much of this work has focused on exploring whether men on the down low present a unique threat for HIV infection to black women. Currently, there exist very few scholarly works exploring the lives of black men who have sex with men and women that specifically address their own experiences living on the down low or how these men personally define what it means to be on the down low. In this article, we explore why black men who have sex with men and black men who have sex with men and women, including those who self-identify as gay, bisexual or as being on the down low, come to use the down low label and what it means to them to be on the down low. 相似文献
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Xiaoqiang Han 《亚洲哲学》2009,19(1):1-9
This paper follows the tradition of treating Zhuangzi's Butterfly Dream episode as presenting a version of skepticism. However, unlike the prevalent interpretations within that tradition, it attempts to show that the skepticism conveyed in the episode is more radical than it has been conceived, such that the episode can be read as a skeptical response to Descartes’ refutation of skepticism based on the Cogito, ergo sum proof. The paper explains how the lack of commitment in Zhuangzi to the dubious assumption about ‘I’ that it necessarily refers to something existing to which Descartes seems to uncritically adhere allows Zhuangzi to doubt what for Descartes is absolutely indubitable: I exist. 相似文献
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特质研究是心理理论框架中一个重要方面。儿童进行特质推理时对特质信息的利用,是考察其是否拥有完整特质概念的一个重要指标。综述以往研究可以看到在获得完整的特质概念之前,儿童倾向于运用到特质以外的其他信息做出跨特质范畴的推论,尤其是这些信息比特质信息更加具体明显时。文章概述了六个可能影响到儿童特质推理的信息:情境信息、行为频率、示例频率、效价信息、随意性信息、规则信息。在此基础上,对该领域的研究趋势作了展望。 相似文献