Evidence for the Phase Transition from Rule I to Rule II on the Balance Scale Task

A central and recurrent theme in developmental psychology is the question whether development proceeds continuously or discontinuously. This question is difficult to answer because the two types of development may be hard to distinguish. To investigate whether change is discontinuous, one requires a formal model for discontinuous development. Such a model should provide operational, empirical criteria to investigate the nature of development. The cusp model, which is derived from catastrophe theory, is a formal model of discontinuity that provides such criteria. Eight criteria, so-called catastrophe flags, can be derived from the model. Some of these flags are predicted in other models of discontinuity, but others, notably hysteresis, are unique to catastrophe theory. In the present research, it is tested whether the transition from Rule I to Rule II on the balance scale task proceeds discontinuously. The present research centers around five catastrophe flags: bimodality, inaccessible region, sudden jump, divergence, and hysteresis. Two experiments are reported. In Experiment 1, a paper-and-pencil version of the balance scale task was administered to 314 children who were 6 to 10 years old. In Experiment 2, an adapted version of the test was administered to 302 children who were 6 to 10 years old. Bimodality, inaccessible region, hysteresis, and sudden jump were clearly observed. Divergence was not observed. The presence of four of the five flags strongly supports the hypothesis that the transition from Rule I to Rule II is discontinuous.     

Keeping Ourselves Sane: A Qualitative Exploration of Black Women’s Coping Strategies for Gendered Racism

Sex Roles - Black women in the United States have historically overcome extreme hardships and continue to do so. They have survived unthinkable bouts of trauma due to their subordinate racial and...     

美国青年的宗教信仰状况研究

本文通过对美国青年宗教信仰状况相关研究的梳理,呈现了美国青年宗教信仰的一些典型变化和发展。美国青年的宗教信仰状况体现了20世纪以来西方社会宗教世俗化、私人化的整体发展趋势。借鉴美国的情况,我们应坚守自身立场,扎根本土、结合时代,以一种严谨科学的态度推进我国青年的宗教信仰状况研究。     

Materialism and the Bright and Dark Sides of the Financial Dream in Spain: The Positive Role of Money Attitudes—The Matthew Effect

Research suggests that materialism leads to the dark side of the financial dream. In this study, we treat love of money as a mediator and test a theoretical model's direct path (Materialism to Financial Satisfaction) and indirect path (Materialism to Love of Money to Financial Satisfaction) simultaneously using the whole sample and across several demographic variables based on 1,011 citizens in Spain. Results for the whole sample showed that the positive indirect effect suppressed the negative direct effect creating an overall small positive effect. Furthermore, we found a significant negative direct path for rural dwellers, the 30–44‐year‐old age group, and married people, but a positive indirect path for rural residents, the 45–59‐year‐old age group, married, males, and urban dwellers. Overall, those in the 30–44 age group, rural residents, and married people experienced the dark side of the financial dream, whereas old (over‐60 age group), unmarried, urban, and young people (18–29 age group) enjoyed the bright side of their financial optimism. People's money attitudes and demographic variables play a positive role in our understanding of materialism and financial satisfaction, i.e. the Matthew Effect. Our novel, counterintuitive, and original theoretical, empirical, and practical contributions foster theory development and testing and improved practice.     

试论临淄齐瓦当的装饰艺术

瓦当是我国古代建筑的重要组成部分。临淄齐国故城出土的瓦当不仅数量可观，而且风格鲜明、极其特色，是研究古代瓦当不可多得的艺术珍品。本文主要从艺术角度对齐瓦当装饰艺术进行分析探讨。     

小经文献与伊斯兰教相关问题研究

小经是回等民族使用的一种阿拉伯字母体系拼音文字,而用小经译、撰的文献具有丰富的内容,是研究中国伊斯兰教重要的关注点。但以往,学者研究中国伊斯兰教所依据的资料主要为汉译著述,由此来说明中国伊斯兰教的特点,却忽视了小经文献的研究,结果其所研究的成果反映的是汉译著述,并不是伊斯兰教的全部。笔者以为有必要研究小经文献所反映的伊斯兰教内容。这些内容对中国特色的伊斯兰教起到有益的补充,且为我们全面认识中国伊斯兰教提供了另一门径。     

清光绪皇帝为广州六榕寺赐匾考

2019年7月,笔者来到位于台北士林外双溪流域的故宫博物院,在图书文献馆查询到一份清代中央政府军机处关涉六榕寺的密档折件,题为《奏报恩赐捐银兴学之六榕寺僧铁禅[1]匾额事(折片)》。这份奏折是时任头品顶戴兵部尚书衔署理两广总督岑春煊所呈,落款日期为“光绪三十年二月二十八日”[2]。台北故宫博物院图书文献馆报请馆方,最终同意将这份文献的原件扫描后免费供我学术研究及刊载使用。这份奏折亦是台北故宫博物院收藏关涉广州六榕寺的唯一官方档案原件,弥足珍贵。     

Unselfish Motivations and Deviance: An Empirical Examination of Social Concern Theory among South Korean Adolescents

ABSTRACT

The study tested the mediating role of social concern – or intrinsic unselfish motivations – in the relationship among teacher bonds, deviant peer association, and youth delinquency in Korea, a cultural setting that promotes social concern. Multi-group path analysis with nationally representative data of Korean adolescents (N = 2,089) indicated that teacher bonds predicted lower levels of delinquency, whereas deviant peer association predicted higher levels. Bonding with teachers was significantly related to social concern; however, social concern predicted less deviant behavior for boys only. Prevention policies that improve the quality of teacher-youth relationships may more effectively restrain self-interested behavior than intensified punishment.