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721.
Responsibility Attribution For Violence Against Women: A Study Of Chinese Public Service Professionals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Catherine So–kum Tang Shuk Han Pun & Fanny Mui–ching Cheung 《Psychology of women quarterly》2002,26(3):175-185
This study examined how Chinese public service professionals attributed responsibility to victims and perpetrators of violence against women (VAW). A total of 2,308 Chinese public service professionals in Hong Kong completed questionnaires on attitudes toward women, VAW–related perceptions, and assignment of responsibility to actors in written VAW vignettes. Compared to agency professionals consisting of medical doctors, lawyers, and police officers, communal professionals consisting of psychologists, social workers, and nurses attributed a higher level of responsibility to VAW victims and perpetrators. For both professional groups, attitudes toward women and educational attainment were the most salient predictors of responsibility attribution to VAW victims and perpetrators. Perceived VAW effects on victims were also a robust predictor of responsibility attribution to perpetrators. With regard to group differences, gender was predictive of responsibility attribution for communal but not for agency professionals. Except for perpetrator responsibility attribution for agency professionals, age was also predictive of how professionals assigned responsibility to VAW victims and perpetrators. 相似文献
722.
Conor V. Dolan Han L. J. van der Maas Peter C. M. Molenaar 《Behavior research methods》2002,34(3):304-323
We present a framework for distributional reaction time (RT) analysis, based on maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. Given certain information relating to chosen distribution functions, one can estimate the parameters of these distributions and of finite mixtures of these distributions. In addition, left and/or right censoring or truncation may be imposed. Censoring and truncation are useful methods by which to accommodate outlying observations, which are a pervasive problem in RT research. We consider five RT distributions: the Weibull, the ex-Gaussian, the gamma, the log-normal, and the Wald. We employ quasi-Newton optimization to obtain ML estimates. Multicase distributional analyses can be carried out, which enable one to conduct detailed (across or within subjects) comparisons of RT data by means of loglikelihood difference tests. Parameters may be freely estimated, estimated subject to boundary constraints, constrained to be equal (within or over cases), or fixed. To demonstrate the feasibility of ML estimation and to illustrate some of the possibilities offered by the present approach, we present three small simulation studies. In addition, we present three illustrative analyses of real data. 相似文献
723.
724.
采用眼动方法.通过两个实验考察了汉语同音同形歧义词的歧义消解过程.结果显示:(1)在中性句子语境中,均衡歧义词的首视时间显著高于偏向歧义词.歧义词的意义通达仅受歧义词意义的相对频率影响,不受语境的影响;(2)在偏向句子语境中,当语境支持歧义词的次要意义时,被试对偏向歧义词的解歧信息的注视时间显著高于其他两类目标词,体现了语境对歧义词意义的整合作用.实验结果支持词汇歧义消解的模块化模型的观点. 相似文献
725.
韩水法 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2008,3(4):622-632
The core elements of modern democracy are citizens who share equally in mutually-compatible basic rights, serve as the final
decision-makers on the community’s constitution, and choose whom to be entrusted with legislative and executive powers, while
at the same time wielding final veto power over the present government. The rule of the majority in modern democracy is no
longer a fundamental principle, but rather a derivative principle the validity of which is based on the above-mentioned core
elements.
Translated by Hu Jinglei from Tianjin Shehui Kexue 天津社会科学 (Tianjin Social Sciences), 2007, (5): 7–12 相似文献
726.
Different thinking styles in Westerners and Chinese (analytic vs. holistic) lead to disparities between the two cultures not only in perception and attention but also in high‐level social cognition such as self‐representation. Most Western philosophers discussed the self by focusing on personal self‐identity, whereas Chinese philosophers emphasized the relation between the self and others. Dissimilar philosophical thinking of the self is associated with distinct cognitive styles of self‐representation (i.e., the independent self in Westerners and the interdependent self in Chinese). Recent brain imaging studies found that Westerners employed the medial prefrontal cortex to represent only the individual self, whereas Chinese utilized the same brain area to represent both the self and close others, providing neural basis of cultural differences in self‐representation. We suggest that the cultural differences in thinking styles between Westerners and Chinese influence both psychological and neural structure of self‐representation. 相似文献
727.
Shu‐Ying Chen Pui‐Wa Lei Wen‐Han Liao 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2008,61(2):471-492
This paper proposes an on‐line version of the Sympson and Hetter procedure with test overlap control (SHT) that can provide item exposure control at both the item and test levels on the fly without iterative simulations. The on‐line procedure is similar to the SHT procedure in that exposure parameters are used for simultaneous control of item exposure rates and test overlap rate. The exposure parameters for the on‐line procedure, however, are updated sequentially on the fly, rather than through iterative simulations conducted prior to operational computerized adaptive tests (CATs). Unlike the SHT procedure, the on‐line version can control item exposure rate and test overlap rate without time‐consuming iterative simulations even when item pools or examinee populations have been changed. Moreover, the on‐line procedure was found to perform better than the SHT procedure in controlling item exposure and test overlap for examinees who take tests earlier. Compared with two other on‐line alternatives, this proposed on‐line method provided the best all‐around test security control. Thus, it would be an efficient procedure for controlling item exposure and test overlap in CATs. 相似文献
728.
Oreg S Bayazit M Vakola M Arciniega L Armenakis A Barkauskiene R Bozionelos N Fujimoto Y González L Han J Hrebícková M Jimmieson N Kordacová J Mitsuhashi H Mlacic B Feric I Topic MK Ohly S Saksvik PO Hetland H Saksvik I van Dam K 《The Journal of applied psychology》2008,93(4):935-944
The concept of dispositional resistance to change has been introduced in a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses through which the validity of the Resistance to Change (RTC) Scale has been established (S. Oreg, 2003). However, the vast majority of participants with whom the scale was validated were from the United States. The purpose of the present work was to examine the meaningfulness of the construct and the validity of the scale across nations. Measurement equivalence analyses of data from 17 countries, representing 13 languages and 4 continents, confirmed the cross-national validity of the scale. Equivalent patterns of relationships between personal values and RTC across samples extend the nomological net of the construct and provide further evidence that dispositional resistance to change holds equivalent meanings across nations. 相似文献
729.
730.
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers Han L. J. van der Maas Conor V. Dolan Raoul P. P. P. Grasman 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2008,15(6):1229-1235
In this rejoinder, we address two of Ratcliff’s main concerns with respect to the EZ-diffusion model (Ratcliff, 2008). First,
we introduce “robust-EZ,” a mixture model approach to achieve robustness against the presence of response contaminants that
might otherwise distort parameter estimates. Second, we discuss an extension of the EZ model that allows the estimation of
starting point as an additional parameter. Together with recently developed, user-friendly software programs for fitting the
full diffusion model (Vandekerckhove & Tuerlinckx, 2007; Voss & Voss, 2007), the development of the EZ model and its extensions
is part of a larger effort to make diffusion model analyses accessible to a broader audience, an effort that is long overdue. 相似文献