Emulation vs. indigenization in the reception of western psychology in Republican China: An analysis of the content of Chinese psychology journals (1922–1937)

The present study examines the practice of empirical psychology in China during the Republican period using a content analysis of its journals. By seeking answers to questions of what kinds of psychology from the West first attracted the Chinese; whether they found a way of developing a psychology more in tune to their own cultural assumptions of selfhood; and to what uses they felt the new discipline could be put, it shows the extent to which its journal content adopted a Western or an indigenous orientation. It thus contributes to the recent debate about indigenization of psychology globally and situates the origins of these issues in China much earlier than has been envisaged by contemporary Chinese indigenous psychologists. Throughout this period, indigenous concerns informed the research agenda, the dominant practice being psychometrics. But because of a lack of social support, they remained largely confined to the pages of psychology journals. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

对归纳推理贝叶斯模型的检验

作者用实验比较检验特征归纳的贝叶斯模型、关联相似性模型、基于特征的归纳推理模型和相似性覆盖模型这四种模型。以大学生为被试的实验结果表明：1）在强关联强度一致时,被试的归纳推理基本符合贝叶斯模型和关联相似性模型的预测,在弱关联强度一致时,不符合这四种模型预测;2）在关联强度不一致时,关联强度效应不符合贝叶斯模型的预测;3）在关联强度一致时,贝叶斯模型和关联相似性模型的预测结果是一致的,不能区分两个模型。实验结果较多地支持贝叶斯模型和关联相似性模型。     

Violent phenotype in SAL mice is inflexible and fixed in adulthood

Violence was shown to be qualitatively different from functional hyper‐aggression in mice selected for high aggression namely Short Attack Latency (SAL), Turku Aggressive (TA) and North Carolina (NC900) strains. This study aimed at investigating whether this adulthood violent phenotype as seen previously in the SAL mice is fixed and hence behaviorally inflexible right from day 1 of the experiment or consequential, i.e., subject to gradual change from functional aggression to violence. The functionally hyper‐aggressive strains namely TA and NC900 strains served as controls for the study. Methodologically, behavioral (in)flexibility was studied using the overall sequential structure of agonistic behavior. In particular, intra‐individual variations in the overall agonistic behavior as well as offensive, pre‐ and post‐offensive behavior transitions, directly related to the resident–intruder interactions were investigated. The SAL mice showed the least intra‐individual variation in their overall sequential agonistic structure as well as a fixed offense‐oriented agonistic behavior of highest magnitude when compared with the other strains. Additionally, the pre‐ and post‐ offensive transitions were most salient in the functionally hyper‐aggressive TA and NC900 strains, whereas virtually absent in the SAL mice. Thus, the violent behavior of the adult SAL mice is behaviorally inflexible or fixed, whereas the functionally hyper‐aggressive behavior of the adult TA and NC900 mice is behaviorally flexible and constantly adaptive to the opponent behavior, over 3 days of repeated resident–intruder interaction. Aggr. Behav. 35:430–436, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

从心理学的角度看“法轮功”的“向内找”

近年来,从社会学角度对“法轮功”的内容予以批判和揭露的文章很多,但从心理学角度对“法轮功”这一邪教现象予以分析和批判的研究并不多。本文由“法轮功”的亲身经历者从独特的心理学内省技术的独特视角对“法轮功”的“向内找”予以分析,揭露了李洪志是如何利用心理技术以修身养性之名来行精神控制之实。     

克隆人的尊严是如何被先天贬损的?——兼向翟振明教授请教

在反对生殖性克隆的诸种理由中,尊严论证是最具有说服力的道德主张.反对生殖性克隆的基本共识是,基因组被他人预先决定会导致克隆人的尊严被贬损.尊严论证需要解决的核心问题就是基因被决定为什么会导致尊严被贬损.一般情况下,纯粹工具性的克隆意图,会导致克隆者将自己的自由意志强加于克隆的自由意志之上,从而导致自由意志主体间的对等性的破缺,使克隆人的尊严在原初意义上就被贬损.但是上述情况不能涵盖所有的克隆意图,在其他情况下,克隆人的尊严是因为自由意志的实现受到限制而被侵犯的.     

韩国孝道推广运动及其立法实践述评

从上世纪70年代开始至今,韩国民间社会人士发起了孝道文化推广运动,2007年7月世界上第一部<孝行奖励资助法>在韩国国会获得通过.韩国孝道推广运动的主要形式有:大力推动孝文化的学术研究;成立孝行推广基金会(财团)奖励家庭孝子孝女的活动;以学校为媒介推广孝文化;志愿者服务运动.孝道推广运动的主要特征是组织性、实践性、宗教参与性.韩国的孝道立法经历了一个民间人士呼吁酝酿、讨论准备、强力推动,最后经过国会议员提案,通过相关法律程序最终立法的过程.韩国孝立法的主要内客是:立法目的与孝之界定;孝行鼓励与资助措施;设立孝文化振兴院以及设定孝之月.韩国孝立法是一部奖励法、行政法、推动法.韩国孝道推广运动及其立法表明其时现代社会的孝道问题有较早的自觉;德法并举是弘扬孝文化的有效途径;弘扬孝道需要动员民间力量的参与,这些都对我们有重要启示.     

A novel technology for investigating the dynamics of infant perseverative reaching

We designed and tested a novel technology that enables us to capture the entire stream of behavior in perseverative reaching tasks. Beyond fitting the criteria of the conventional A-not-B task, the novel technology gives us better access to the core features of perseverative reaching, such as timing, behavior history, and reinforcement. The technology allows us to quantitatively manipulate reinforcement characteristics, to accurately program onsets, delays, and stimulus durations as well as locations and salience of the targets, and to automatically record the number of reaches to each target and compute timing. We did a validation study on this new technology, investigating the influence of a number of novel factors on perseverative reaching. We replicated the A-not-B phenomenon and associated developmental changes. In addition, results demonstrated that the new technology offers insights into infants' behavior beyond the first reaching action. Moreover, data collection is fully automated, yielding precise, quantitative data. Future studies using this technology will capitalize on the salient advantages of this technology to more precisely measure goal-directed actions and understand the development of reaching skill.     

3～6岁儿童空间非标准测量认知加工线索研究

本研究选取北京市3所幼儿园108名3~6岁儿童为被试,采用个别测查法对儿童进行非标准空间测量时所依据的认知加工线索进行研究,结果表明:1、3~6岁儿童在一维空间测量中从两个端点和端点之间的连续空间提取信息进行量的判断,当从端点和端点之间的连续空间提取的线索不一致时,多数儿童不能对其进行整合;2、3~6岁儿童二维空间测量主要遵循一维规则,并且一维规则适用于各种图形;3、儿童根据空间量中显著特征进行量的判断,儿童对作为判断依据的显著特征的选择受各维度对比度影响。     

句子语境中汉语词汇歧义消解的ERP研究

采用ERP方法,考察了汉语词汇歧义消解中句子语境作用的时间进程及大脑活动。目标词与句子语境存在一致、不一致、无关控制等3种关系。结果显示:(1)一致与不一致条件下N400的平均波幅均显著低于无关控制条件;(2)SOA为200毫秒时产生的N400平均波幅的幅度显著高于SOA为1000毫秒的条件;(3)N400的平均波幅及潜伏期均表现出左半球显著高于右半球的特点。实验结果支持词汇歧义消解的模块化观点,体现了大脑两半球语言功能的不对称性。     

儿童早期空间非标准测量能力发展研究进展

测量是数学的主题之一。空间非标准测量能力的发展对儿童数学认知能力的发展有重要作用,对儿童思维抽象性、逻辑性、创造性的培养,问题解决能力的提高有重要影响。文章通过对近四十年来儿童空间非标准测量能力发展研究的成果进行概括分析,发现研究者主要对儿童空间非标准测量的认知加工线索,长度测量策略与工具的使用,空间非标准测量知识的获得顺序以及相关的测量教学顺序,空间非标准测量能力与守恒和推理能力的关系等问题进行了研究。并在此基础上提出了儿童空间非标准测量能力发展研究需进一步探讨的问题。