Nonnormality and divergence in posttreatment alcohol use: reexamining the Project MATCH data "another way."

Alcohol lapses are the modal outcome following treatment for alcohol use disorders, yet many alcohol researchers have encountered limited success in the prediction and prevention of relapse. One hypothesis is that lapses are unpredictable, but another possibility is the complexity of the relapse process is not captured by traditional statistical methods. Data from Project Matching Alcohol Treatments to Client Heterogeneity (Project MATCH), a multisite alcohol treatment study, were reanalyzed with 2 statistical methodologies: catastrophe and 2-part growth mixture modeling. Drawing on previous investigations of self-efficacy as a dynamic predictor of relapse, the current study revisits the self-efficacy matching hypothesis, which was not statistically supported in Project MATCH. Results from both the catastrophe and growth mixture analyses demonstrated a dynamic relationship between self-efficacy and drinking outcomes. The growth mixture analyses provided evidence in support of the original matching hypothesis: Individuals with lower self-efficacy who received cognitive behavior therapy drank far less frequently than did those with low self-efficacy who received motivational therapy. These results highlight the dynamical nature of the relapse process and the importance of the use of methodologies that accommodate this complexity when evaluating treatment outcomes.     

Church Attendance and Marital Commitment Beliefs of Undergraduate Women

Marital commitment between spouses has been found to be an important predictor of successful marriages. Beliefs about marital commitment among never-married young adults are of interest because of their probable influence on subsequent marital behaviors. The current study examined social-cognitive processes; specifically, religiousness, locus-of-control beliefs, and gender role attitudes, in the prediction of marital commitment beliefs among 294 undergraduate never-married women. We found that higher religiousness and lower chance locus of control were significantly correlated with stronger marital commitment beliefs. Multiple regression analyses revealed that religiousness was the best predictor of marital commitment beliefs in this sample. Social learning processes are implicated in the development of marital commitment beliefs. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.     

The Role of Job Challenge and Organizational Identification in Enhancing Creative Behavior among Employees in the Workplace

Organizations recognize the importance of creative employees and constantly explore ways to enhance their employees' creative behavior. Creativity research has directed substantial efforts to understanding how work environment fosters creativity. Yet, this research has paid little attention to the importance of specific characteristics of the work environment and organizational identification in augmenting creative behavior in employees at work. The present study examines the influence of job challenge on employees' creative behavior, arguing that organizational identification plays a mediating role in this relationship. The results show that organizational identification mediates the relationship between job challenge and employees' creative behavior.     

Towards better computational models of the balance scale task: a reply to Shultz and Takane

In contrast to Shultz and Takane [Shultz, T.R., & Takane, Y. (2007). Rule following and rule use in the balance-scale task. Cognition, in press, doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.004.] we do not accept that the traditional Rule Assessment Method (RAM) of scoring responses on the balance scale task has advantages over latent class analysis (LCA): RAM is similar to a very restricted form of LCA. The apparent shortcomings of LCA are also less severe than they suggest. Via new simulations we show that LCA detects small classes reliably. We also counter their concerns regarding the torque difference effect and we underline the problems connectionist models have with correctly responding to balance items. Despite these differences in opinion we agree with Shultz and Takane on the possible avenues for future research.     

市民人格特征及其与心理健康的关系研究

为探讨南京市民人格特征及其与心理健康的关系,对南京市民进行抽样调查。结果显示南京市民的人格特征较一般人群更外向,掩饰程度较高;性别、年龄、职业以及文化程度与人格特征存在一定关系;不同人格类型的市民心理健康水平不同;年龄、情绪稳定性及内外向性对心理健康有预测作用。     

医生职业倦怠及社会、组织影响因素的探讨

医生是职业倦怠研究最早关注的职业之一,通过回顾国内外相关研究,分析了医生职业倦怠的现状,并认为我国现阶段医生的职业倦怠与医疗政策、法制层面存在缺憾、经济和心理回报不够、价值观冲突、缺乏控制、角色冲突等有关.呼吁从社会、组织层面深入研究我国医生的职业倦怠.     

从管仲言行中窥测其音乐观

由于《管子》一书的成书时间、作者及篇章的断代难以确定,故当前我国音乐界只能将其中有关乐论的美学思想概括为杂糅派。这样不仅忽略了管仲的音乐思想和审美观,而且也没有给他一个确切的派别。鉴于此,笔者通过对其佐桓前后言行的考证认为,管仲的音乐观是重使用、讲功利、强国家。其音乐美学思想应属实用派。     

和谐文化与社会主义核心价值体系建设——学习《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》

建设和谐文化,是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要任务,社会主义核心价值体系是建设和谐文化的根本.建设和谐文化,最根本的就是要坚持社会主义核心价值体系,而确立和实践社会主义核心价值体系,必须以全体社会成员的道德修养和素质为基础.