Can a small dedicated machine find happiness in a company that pioneered time-sharing?

In the context of an automated psychophysical laboratory, the adequacies and inadequacies of a small computer are discussed. Attention is given to the rationale for choosing the implementation in particular a dedicated small system as opposed to time-shared use of a larger system. The variables discussed include cost, flexibility, language level, and storage capabilities in addition to reliability. A compromise position that appears most viable for the future is also suggested.     

On timing events in computer-controlled experiments

This paper considers the problem of timing events in computer-controlled experiments. A digital clock is defined as a time-mark generator or “ticker” and a counter. A discussion of time-mark generators commonly used in computers is followed by a consideration of several ways in which computer clocks are implemented and used. A framework for the latter discussion is provided by a classification of clocks in terms of whether the ticker or the counter (either or both) is internal or external to the computer.     

The effect of an integration program on teacher and student attitudes to mentally-handicapped children

This study examines the effect of contact with autistic children on teacher and peer attitudes to mentally-handicapped children in general. Children were interviewed and teachers completed questionnaires about their attitudes toward mentally-handicapped children in five schools attended by autistic boys and five schools not attended by any mentally-handicapped children. Children who had contact with autistic boys had more positive and realistic attitudes. Teachers' attitudes were generally positive and did not vary across settings, but those with experience in teaching mentally-handicapped children were found to have more positive attitudes than those with no experience. The implications for the integration of mentally-handicapped children are briefly discussed.     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

The nonuse of psychological research at two federal agencies

In 1994 the Government Accounting Office (GAO) issued a report critical of some features of the proposal review processes at the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. I provide two examples of procedures the agencies could have adopted to address the GAO's criticisms. I also relate the history of the two agencies' reluctance to use the psychological research literature to guide them as their new review procedures were instituted. Finally, I enumerate possible reasons for the agencies' decision not to follow or even test suggestions based on the judgment and decision-making research literature.     

"To live well, to live at ease": reflections on life by post-Soviet Russian teenagers.

This article attempts to contextualize the adolescent experience in post-Communist Russia. Based on over one hundred life-history interviews conducted between September 1995 and February 1996, it was found that Russian teenagers emphasized continuity over change, described themselves more as passive participants than as active shapers of a democratic society, and simply wanted "to live well, to live at ease." These findings are examined in light of theories about adolescence in general and the sociopolitical situation of Russia in particular.