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21.
Psychophysiological and physiological aspects of T-wave amplitude in the objective study of behavior
John J. Furedy Ronald J. Heslegrave Hal Scher 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1984,19(4):182-194
The objective study of behavior, which is the stated aim of our society, does not impose restrictions on the levels of explanatory constructs that are used. The only restriction is that the evidence concerning those constructs be stated in an objective or scientifically communicable way. Thus the concepts that we employ to explain behavior range from the sociologic to the biochemical. This article’s underlying thesis is that behavior needs to be investigated at various levels, and that these levels should be clearly differentiated in order to bring these investigations into a scientifically meaningful relationship. The thesis is here illustrated by examining evidence and arguments concerning the utility and status of a noninvasive index of myocardial performance: T-wave amplitude (TWA). The examination begins at a psychophysiological-index level, wherein TWA is considered in terms of how well this noninvasive physiological index differentiates psychological processes. Secondly, at a lower physiological-index level, we consider the assumption that TWA reflects a relatively unitary physiological process, myocardial beta-adrenergic sympathetic influence. Both the grounds for and implications of this assumption are discussed. Finally, at the physiological-index level of discourse, brief reference is made to the mechanism by which changes in beta-adrenergic sympathetic innervation may produce correlated changes in TWA. The overall aim of the article is to differentiate these three levels of investigation, and yet also to consider the interrelationship among these three levels in order to provide a fuller scientific understanding of the phenomena involved. 相似文献
22.
Hal Markowitz Michael Schmidt Leonie Nadal Leslie Squier 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1975,8(3):333-335
Three adult female elephants (Elephas maximus) were tested on a light-dark discrimination problem with an 8-yr intertrial interval. The first subject took only 6 min to reach criterion and made only two errors, suggesting remarkable retention. The other two subjects were found to have visual anomalies that would have gone undetected without this research. 相似文献
23.
It was hypothesized that the population of pedophiles differs from that of males who prefer physically mature partners, in respect of the proportion of bisexual members in each group. Bisexuality was assessed by means of a verbal scale and by recording penile volume changes during the presentation of movie clips of nude males and females. Results supported the hypothesis.An earlier finding of a difference between pedophiles and males who prefer physically mature partners, in respect to feminine gender identity, was retested using the Feminine Gender Identity Scale (for males). It could be confirmed only for homosexual males and therefore cannot be accepted as a general difference between pedophiles and persons who prefer physically mature partners. 相似文献
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This study examines the effect of contact with autistic children on teacher and peer attitudes to mentally-handicapped children in general. Children were interviewed and teachers completed questionnaires about their attitudes toward mentally-handicapped children in five schools attended by autistic boys and five schools not attended by any mentally-handicapped children. Children who had contact with autistic boys had more positive and realistic attitudes. Teachers' attitudes were generally positive and did not vary across settings, but those with experience in teaching mentally-handicapped children were found to have more positive attitudes than those with no experience. The implications for the integration of mentally-handicapped children are briefly discussed. 相似文献
27.
Arkowitz H 《The American psychologist》2005,60(7):731; author reply 734-731; author reply 735
Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners. 相似文献
28.
Arkes HR 《Psychological science》2003,14(1):1-6
In 1994 the Government Accounting Office (GAO) issued a report critical of some features of the proposal review processes at the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. I provide two examples of procedures the agencies could have adopted to address the GAO's criticisms. I also relate the history of the two agencies' reluctance to use the psychological research literature to guide them as their new review procedures were instituted. Finally, I enumerate possible reasons for the agencies' decision not to follow or even test suggestions based on the judgment and decision-making research literature. 相似文献
29.
John Grimes Robin Rinehart Hillary Rodrigues John M Koller Elaine Craddock Ludo Rocher Will Sweetman Boyd H Wilson Edward C Dimock Thomas Forsthoefel Hal W French Timothy C Cahill William J Jackson John Powers Frederick M Smith Gavin Flood Lelah Dushkin Sheila McDonough Frank J Hoffman Karni Pal Bhati Anne E Monius Fred Dallmayr Marcia Hermansen Joseph A Bracken Carl Olson William P Harman Donatella Rossi Anna B Bigelow Jeffrey J. Kripal 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》1998,2(2):267-310
30.
Nitin Trasi Francis X. Clooney Maria Hibbets George Cronk Brian A. Hatcher Robin Rinehart Karen Pechilis Prentiss Hal W. French Francis X. Clooney Lisa Bellantoni Frank J. Korom Robert Menzies Constantina Rhodes Bailly Gavin Flood Rebecca J. Manring Loriliai Biernacki Brian K. Pennington John Grimes Richard D. MacPhail Glenn Wallis John J. Thatamanil John Grimes Thomas Forsthoefel Denise Cush Yasmin Saikia Joseph A. Bracken Lise F. Vail Jacqueline Suthren Hirst Judson B. Trapnell Ellison Banks Findly Paul Waldau D. L. Johnson John Grimes 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》2000,4(1):61-107