Authentic Springs of Action and Obligation

What is the connection between action that is caused by inauthentic antecedent springs of action, such as surreptitiously engineered-in desires and beliefs, and moral obligation? If, for example, an agent performs an action that derives from such antecedent springs can it be that the agent is not obligated to perform this action owing to the inauthenticity of its causal antecedents? I defend an affirmative response, assuming that we morally ought to bring about the states of affairs that occur in the intrinsically best worlds accessible to us and that a version of attitudinal hedonism is the axiology for ranking worlds.     

Religious Commitment and its Relation to Happiness among Muslim Students: The Educational Level as Moderator

This study examines the relationship between religiosity and level of happiness in an Islamic context among Muslim students studying at Malaysian universities. The determinants of happiness included in this research are positive attitudes, self-esteem, and other-esteem. Religiosity has long been considered as the main determinant in increasing happiness, and educational level strengthens its relationship. For this purpose, the researchers sampled 230 Muslim students aged 17–40 years studying at Malaysian universities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The study found a positive and significant correlation between religious commitment and level of happiness. Religious commitment also shows positive and significant correlations with positive attitudes, self-esteem, and other-esteem. The study also concludes that educational attainment moderates the relationship between religious commitment and happiness. Thus, religious commitment plays a very important role in increasing levels of happiness.

     

Mass Gathering Medicine New discipline to Deal with Epidemic and Infectious Diseases in the Hajj Among Muslim Pilgrimage: A Mini Review Article

Mass Gathering Medicine is one of the new disciplines in Medicine which deal with all health aspects in overcrowded areas. Mass Gathering Medicine is an important new challenging discipline which needs to be supported by all concern experts such as the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ministries of health from all countries, universities, research centers, and all other experts in this field. Scientist and academic staffs from all countries should be encouraged to participate in narrowing the gap of knowledge for Mass Gathering Medicine. Postgraduate board or fellowship certificate should be encouraged internationally.     

Seeking help at an Islamic spiritual healing centre: Malaysia’s perspective

Spiritual healing centre is a popular place to seek help among Malaysians whether for medical, psychiatric or other reasons. This study aims to understand the characteristics and illness perception of those patients who seek help at Islamic spiritual healing centre. A cross-sectional study was conducted at an established Islamic spiritual healing centre with 357 respondents. Younger age (OR .97, 95%CI .94–.99, p?=?.002), higher education level (OR 1.99, 95%CI 1.15–3.45, p?=?.014) and a more threatening view of the illness (OR 1.19, 95%CI 1.13–1.26, p?≤?.001) were found to confer risk of seeking help at this centre among attendees with psychiatric diagnosis. Supernatural attribution to illness is common among the attenders with or without a psychiatric diagnosis. Spirituality is important to bring balance and healing. Collaboration with Islamic spiritual healing practitioners to co-manage patients is recommended.