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11.
Abnormal Neural Sensitivity to Monetary Gains Versus Losses Among Adolescents at Risk for Depression
Major depressive disorder aggregates within families, although the mechanisms of transfer across generations are not well
understood. In light of converging biological and behavioral evidence that depressive symptoms are associated with impaired
reward processing, we examined whether adolescent girls with a parental history of depression would also exhibit abnormal
reward sensitivity. We performed a negative mood induction and then recorded the feedback negativity, a neural index of reward
processing, while individuals completed a gambling task. High-risk adolescents reported greater sadness following the mood
induction compared to low-risk adolescents. Among the high-risk group, sadness was strongly associated with a blunted feedback
negativity, even after controlling for baseline mood and trait neuroticism. This suggests that high-risk adolescents are more
reactive to negative stimuli, which significantly alter neural sensitivity to monetary gains and losses. The feedback negativity
might be used to identify information processing abnormalities in high-risk populations prior to the onset of a major depressive
episode. 相似文献
12.
The persistence of attention to emotion: brain potentials during and after picture presentation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Emotional stimuli have been shown to elicit increased perceptual processing and attentional allocation. The late positive potential (LPP) is a sustained P300-like component of the event-related potential that is enhanced after the presentation of pleasant and unpleasant pictures as compared with neutral pictures. In this study, the LPP was measured using dense array electroencephalograph both before and after pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant images to examine the time course of attentional allocation toward emotional stimuli. Results from 17 participants confirmed that the LPP was larger after emotional than neutral images and that this effect persisted for 800 ms after pleasant picture offset and at least 1,000 ms after unpleasant picture offset. The persistence of increased attention after unpleasant compared to pleasant stimuli is consistent with the existence of a negativity bias. Overall, these results indicate that attentional capture of emotion continues well beyond picture presentation and that this can be measured with the LPP. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Recent research suggests that emotional dysfunction in psychiatric disorders can be reflected in autonomic abnormalities. The present study examines sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity in individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) before, during, and following a social stressor task. Data were obtained from an analogue sample of participants screening positive for BPD (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 28). In general, BPD participants exhibited increased sympathetic activity (indexed by Cardiac Sympathetic Index, CSI; Toichi et al., 1997) and decreased parasympathetic activity (indexed by Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, RSA) compared to controls. During the stressful task, BPD and control participants exhibited different trajectories of sympathetic activation: estimates of sympathetic activity increased for BPD participants and decreased for controls. Furthermore, BPD participants reported the task (but not baseline or recovery phases) to be more frustrating than controls. Findings are interpreted in the context of Polyvagal theory. 相似文献
14.
In the past 20 years, research concerning the error-related negativity (ERN), a negative-going deflection in the event-related
brain potential (ERP) following an erroneous response, has flourished. Despite a substantial body of research, debate regarding
its functional significance persists. In what follows, we selectively review literature on the ERN, and outline several prominent
cognitive theories related to the generation and significance of the ERN. Cognitive theories predict that the size of the
ERN should relate to variation in behavior, although there is substantial evidence that the ERN and behavioral measures are
at least partially dissociable. Moreover, individual difference measures, psychopathology, and motivational factors all appear
to impact basic mechanisms that generate the ERN to moderate the magnitude of the ERN, suggesting a need to integrate alternative
perspectives into models of ERN amplitude. Insofar as errors prompt the mobilization of defensive responses, we view variation
in the ERN in terms of error detection in the service of protecting the organism. Based on data indicating that the ERN is
highly stable over time, heritable, and related to broad dimensions of personality, we propose that the ERN is a neural index
of a neurobehavioral trait and variation in its amplitude is related in part to individual differences in defensive reactivity.
Implications and future directions are considered. 相似文献
15.
Santopetro Nicholas J. Kallen Alexander M. Threadgill Austin Hunter Amir Nader Hajcak Greg 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2022,50(4):537-548
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - Recent research suggests that depressive disorders in adults are characterized by reductions in flanker P300 amplitude, and that a reduced flanker... 相似文献
16.
The present study examined electrocortical evidence for a negativity bias, focusing on the impact of specific picture content on a range of event-related potentials (ERPs). To this end, ERPs were recorded while 67 participants viewed a variety of pictures from the International Affective Picture System. Examination of broad categories (i.e., pleasant, neutral, unpleasant) found no evidence for a negativity bias in two early components, the N1 and the Early Posterior Negativity (EPN), but revealed that unpleasant images did elicit a larger late positive potential (LPP) than pleasant pictures. However, images of erotica and mutilation elicited comparable LPP responses, as did affiliative and threatening images. Exciting (i.e., sports) images and disgusting images elicited smaller LPPs than other emotional images, similar to neutral images containing people-which were associated with the largest LPPs among neutral pictures. When these three anomalous categories (exciting, disgusting, and scenes with people) were excluded, unpleasant images no longer elicited a larger LPP than pleasant images. Thus, including exciting images in pleasant ERP averages disproportionately reduces the LPP. The present findings are discussed in light of the motivational significance of specific picture subtypes. 相似文献
17.
Grasso DJ Cohen LH Moser JS Hajcak G Foa EB Simons RF 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2012,25(2):117-136
In the current study we compare college students exposed to a potentially traumatic event (PTE) meeting self-report criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), PTE-exposed students not meeting criteria for PTSD, and non-exposed students on measures of perceived social support, self-esteem, and optimism (i.e., personal resources) and report use of specific coping strategies. Results indicate that the PTE-exposed/probable PTSD group reported fewer personal resources, greater use of avoidance-focused coping, and less use of approach-focused coping than the other two groups. The PTE-exposed/no PTSD group reported greater perceived social support and less use of avoidance-focused coping than the non-exposed group. We discuss the findings' implications for the prevention and treatment of trauma-related psychopathology. 相似文献
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19.
Worry is the inflated concern about potential future threats and is a hallmark feature of generalized anxiety disorder. Previous theoretical work has suggested that worry may be a consequence of intolerance of uncertainty (IU). The current study seeks to explore the behavioral consequences of IU. Specifically, we examine how IU might be associated with aspects of reward-based decision making. We utilized a simple laboratory gambling task in which participants chose between small, low-probability rewards available immediately at the beginning of each trial and large, high-probability rewards only available after some variable delay. Results demonstrate that higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty were associated with a tendency to select the immediately available, but less valuable and less probable rewards. IU also predicted decision-makers' sensitivity to outcomes. We discuss the cognitive and affective mechanisms that are likely to underlie the observed decision-making behavior and the implications for anxiety disorders. 相似文献
20.
The error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) and error positivity (Pe) have been associated with error detection and response monitoring. More recently, heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) have also been shown to be sensitive to the internal detection of errors. An enhanced ERN has consistently been observed in anxious subjects and there is some suggestion that the ERN is related to general negative affective experience (NA). The ERN has been source localized to the anterior cingulate cortex-a structure implicated in the regulation of affective, response selection, and autonomic resources. Thus, the findings that autonomic measures and affective distress are related to response monitoring are consistent with anterior cingulate cortex function. In the present experiment, we sought to evaluate more comprehensively the relationship between self-reported negative affect and error-related physiology in a between-groups design. Results indicate that high NA was associated with significantly greater ERN and error-related SCR, and smaller Pe. These results are discussed in terms of anterior cingulate cortex function, psychopathology, and response monitoring. 相似文献