语义分类任务中部件位置在汉字识别中的作用

采用Go/NoGo语义分类任务, 在贴近自然语言理解的任务模式下探讨了部件位置的加工时程问题。实验操纵了部件位置频率, 并进一步区分了造成部件相对位置频率发生变化的两种来源, 一是操纵部件整体频率(包含某部件的所有汉字集合)的变化, 保持特殊位置上的部件频率(某部件出现在特定位置上的汉字集合)不变; 二是操纵特殊位置上的部件频率的变化, 保持整体部件频率不变。结果表明, 无论是变化整体部件频率还是变化特殊位置上的部件频率, 两者都引发了P200和N400的变化, 且所引发的P200在峰潜时(peak latency)上差异不显著。此外, 两种操作都没有引发N/P150的变化。因此本研究在贴近自然语言理解的任务中进一步肯定了部件位置在汉字阅读中的作用, 既可以影响汉字亚词汇水平的字形加工, 也可以影响汉字的语义提取。     

Putting Raters in Ratees’ Shoes: Perspective Taking and Assessment of Creative Products

This study reported 2 experiments that studied the effect of perspective taking on assessment of creative products by using human raters. Forty responses of 2 alternative uses tasks (AUTs) and 15 alien stories generated by 6th-grade students were used as assessment materials. Undergraduate students as the novice raters assessed the products under 3 experimental conditions: assessing without any information of the ratees, assessing only with age information of the ratees, and assessing with age information and taking the perspective of the ratees. Results of Experiment 1 showed significant differences in creativity ratings between group 1 and 2. But no significant difference was found between group 2 and 3. In Experiment 2, raters in group 1 used objective perception and raters in group 3 were asked to take the perspective for more time. Raters in group 3 assigned higher ratings than the other 2 groups but no difference was found between group 1 and 2. Overall, the results showed the effect of perspective taking on assessment of creative products. Possible mechanisms of the effect and implications for creativity assessment and creativity teaching practice were discussed.     

死亡凸显对消费者体验性消费选择偏好的影响及其作用机制

消费者的决策心理与购买行为会受到周边环境暴露的死亡信息的影响发生变化。本文从意义维持模型出发,通过4个实验探讨了死亡凸显对消费者体验性消费选择偏好的影响及其作用机制。结果发现,死亡凸显情境下消费者更倾向选择体验性消费。进一步分析发现,死亡凸显通过降低消费者的生命意义感提高了其对体验性消费的选择偏好。同时,社会支持对此间接效应起到了缓冲作用。研究结果初步揭示,补偿生命意义感的缺失是死亡凸显增加体验性消费选择的潜在机制,这也为新冠疫情背景下的消费者决策行为干预提供了一定参考。     

预期背离下奖励与惩罚的ERPs研究

采用Flanker范式,通过事件相关电位(ERPs)技术,探讨预期背离情境下的脑电反应及与敏感性个体的关系。选取17名被试,采取2×2组内设计刺激类型（奖励vs.惩罚）和预期受挫（是vs.否）;结果表明（1）预期受挫情境引发更高的FRN;（2）惩罚刺激引发更高的FRN,奖励刺激引发更高的P3;（3）惩罚敏感与惩罚、无奖励情境引发FRN相关。本实验结果表明（1）FRN既反应对反馈效价的加工,也可能是预期背离的一种表现;（2）无奖励刺激受惩罚系统调节;无惩罚刺激受奖励系统调节。