Syntactic priming in Chinese sentence comprehension: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

Using the event-related potential (ERP) technique, this study examined the nature of syntactic priming effects in Chinese. Participants were required to read prime-target sentence pairs each embedding an ambiguous relative clause (RC) containing either the same verb or a synonymous verb. In Chinese, the word de serves as a relative clause marker. During reading a potential Chinese RC structure (either the prime or the target sentence), Chinese readers initially expect to read an Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) structure but the encounter of a relative clause marker de would make readers abandon the initial strategy and reanalyze the structure as a relative clause. A reduced P600 effect was elicited by the critical word de in the target sentence containing the same initial verb as in the prime sentence. No significant reduction of the P600 was observed in the target sentences in the synonymous condition. The results demonstrated that verb repetition but not similarity in meaning produced a syntactic priming effect in Chinese. The constraint-based lexicalist hypothesis and the argument structure theory were adopted to explain the syntactic priming effect obtained in the current study.     

元分析价值的置信区间表示

通过统计模拟的数据分析发现:当以置信区间表示研究结果时,元分析的价值简单地表现为置信区间宽度的减小。在统计推断方面,这种区间宽度的减小会使得元分析能够通过降低样本观察值落在中间模糊区域的概率而提高检验效力;在效应估计方面,这种区间宽度的减小能够稳定地反映由元分析而促成的效应估计精度的增加。研究还揭示:当以置信区间表示研究结果时,元分析和单项研究在逻辑上是连贯的。     

高考数学试卷多维项目反应理论的分析及应用

高考数学学科试卷的试题综合性较强,一道试题通常考查多种能力属性,而基于单维性假设下的经典测量理论和传统的项目反应理论无法完成该种情形下试卷测量性能分析和考生作答表现分析.本文以MIRT理论为基础,使用CONQUEST软件为工具进行分析,可以获得试卷内部不同能力维度之间的相关以及考生不同维度的能力参数,为提升命题质量和改进教学提供了依据,表明MIRT具有很好的应用前景.由于MIRT理论的复杂性以至于目前分析软件的不足制约其进一步的深入应用,这是今后应该深入研究的问题.     

Refining the two‐parameter testlet response model by introducing testlet discrimination parameters

For testlet response data, traditional item response theory (IRT) models are often not appropriate due to local dependence presented among items within a common testlet. Several testlet‐based IRT models have been developed to model examinees' responses. In this paper, a new two‐parameter normal ogive testlet response theory (2PNOTRT) model for dichotomous items is proposed by introducing testlet discrimination parameters. A Bayesian model parameter estimation approach via a data augmentation scheme is developed. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed 2PNOTRT model. The results indicated that the estimation of item parameters is satisfactory overall from the viewpoint of convergence. Finally, the proposed 2PNOTRT model is applied to a set of real testlet data.     

Definability and the Structure of Logical Paradoxes

Graham Priest 2002 argues that all logical paradoxes that include set-theoretic paradoxes and semantic paradoxes share a common structure, the Inclosure Schema, so they should be treated as one family. Through a discussion of Berry's Paradox and the semantic notion ‘definable’, I argue that (i) the Inclosure Schema is not fine-grained enough to capture the essential features of semantic paradoxes, and (ii) the traditional separation of the two groups of logical paradoxes should be retained.     

对心血管病临床强化治疗的质疑

强化治疗是最近几年反复提到的话题。很多临床试验研究各种强化治疗对心血管疾病预后的影响,但结果显示强化治疗并未能带来更多的益处,甚至有害。因此我们必须理性地看待这些所谓的强化治疗。更应该倾向于个体化治疗、综合治疗,包括控制各种危险因素,改善生活的方式。把治疗的眼光放到疾病发生的早期,早治疗,以求更多获益。     

对心血管病临床强化治疗的质疑

强化治疗是最近几年反复提到的话题.很多临床试验研究各种强化治疗对心血管疾病预后的影响,但结果显示强化治疗并未能带来更多的益处,甚至有害.因此我们必须理性地看待这些所谓的强化治疗.更应该倾向于个体化治疗、综合治疗,包括控制各种危险因素,改善生活的方式.把治疗的眼光放到疾病发生的早期,早治疗,以求更多获益.     

文化与人格研究中的几个问题

“文化与人格”包含着“文化中的人格”和“人格中的文化”两个命题。当今人格与文化研究中存在几个问题:人格特质的跨文化普遍性问题;人格与文化研究中的文化问题;人格与文化的作用机制问题。要解决这些问题:1.将主位研究与客位研究结合起来;2.将文化看作动态的过程;3.考虑到文化与人格之间起作用的中间机制;4.加强人格心理学与其它学科的联系。     

叙事病历临床应用的可能路径

在对叙事医学教育工具“平行病历”相关的文献进行梳理的基础上,概括出国内外研究的主要特征;指出临床实践中推行平行病历困境的症结,并明确提出应使用叙事病历概念,应讨论的主体是叙事书写,应强调中国本土叙事医学临床实践经验等主张。以安宁疗护领域的“对话体”叙事病历运用为例,提出拓展病历书写的多重可能性和人文容纳力的理解。致力于对病历开展反思性研究,旨在推动医学界将病历作为叙事医学教育临床转化的重要起点;通过提供个案和可供遵循的路径,助力形成相对完善的教育体系,并提出构建具有中国主体性叙事医学框架的可能。

     

Spatial accuracy demand in aiming movements: kinematic analysis of subtended angle and tolerance width

Subtended angle has been assumed to be an important factor in both response programming time and kinematic characteristics of aiming movements. Support for this assumption has come mainly from studies in which circular targets have been used. However, with circular targets, the subtended angle covaries with the size of the target in the principal direction of the movement (tolerance width). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tolerance width and subtended angle on aiming movement with multiple targets. Participants first hit a 5-cm-diameter circular target located 8 cm to the left of a starting position and then moved another 8 cm left to hit either a 5-cm diameter circular target or a 5- x 1-cm rectangular target oriented either horizontally or vertically, depending on the condition. Analysis showed that reaction times and movement times were longer for the vertical rectangular target, which had a smaller tolerance width than the other two targets. In addition, the vertical rectangular target also showed a greater percentage of secondary-submovement trials, lower movement velocity, and higher peak vertical displacement. Overall, the results indicate that the tolerance width of the target may impose more constraints on aiming movements than subtended angle.