4—8岁儿童对部分—整体图形知觉发展的实验研究

本实验使用9张部分和整体各有不同意义的图形研究了98名4—8岁儿童知觉的发展水平和特点。结果表明:1)儿童既知觉部分又知觉整体的能力随年龄而增长,2)儿童知觉部分图形的年龄比知觉整体图形的年龄早,3)8岁儿童大部分可以做到知觉部分又知觉整体;教育条件优越时可以提前到6岁,由此可见儿童部分—整体图形知觉能力的发展水平与教育条件有密切关系。     

The Effect of Mental Simulation (Process‐ Versus Outcome‐Focus) on Extension Evaluation:A Bipolarized Fit Perception

The present research investigates perceived fit effects according to the focus that consumers place when evaluating brand extensions. Process‐focus encourages consumers to focus their thoughts on the process of reaching an outcome, thereby affecting extension evaluations on the basis of the process similarity between the original brand and its extensions. Conversely, outcome‐focus encourages consumers to focus their thoughts on the final outcome, thereby affecting extension evaluations on the basis of the final outcome similarity between the original brand and its extensions. With this conceptual framework, the present research demonstrated that for the process‐focus condition, the extension was evaluated more favorably when the similarity between the process of the original brand and the process of its extension was present (Study 1). By contrast, for the outcome‐focus condition, the extension was evaluated more favorably when the similarity between the final outcome of the original brand and the final outcome of its extension was present (Study 2).     

工作记忆容量与第二语言水平关系的元分析

运用元分析的方法,探讨在中外研究中工作记忆容量与第二语言水平的相关性和影响二者相关的潜在调节变量。通过文献搜索和筛选,共选择63项研究进行分析,时间跨度为1992-2014。结果发现,工作记忆容量与第二语言水平存在中等程度的正相关,效应值为0.358。调节效应检验发现文化背景、工作记忆测量方法、测量内容、测量语言有调节作用。结论：工作记忆容量与第二语言水平之间存在中等程度的正相关,文化背景和工作记忆测量调节二者之间的相关。     

中国人使用明尼苏达多相个性测验表的结果分析

明尼苏达多相个性测验表在我国已试用三年,试用证明此测验表在我国使用具有一定的信度与效度,用于精神病临床,效果尤其明显。该表也有很多不足,因为该表是外国学者编制的,很多项目及制定的标准不适用于我国。本工作是根据我国情况对此测验表中的项目逐条进行分析,制定出我国的标准。     

部件启动范式下可成字部件的位置效应

可成字部件在汉字中的位置和功能多种多样。实验1采用部件启动范式考察在汉字识别中可成字部件在不同位置的功能。启动刺激为处于三种位置(主要义符位置、次要义符位置、声符位置)的可成字部件, 目标刺激为包含这三种位置可成字部件的汉字, 要求被试对目标字做词汇判断。实验2结合部件启动范式和视觉搜寻范式探查可成字部件在不同位置的功能。结果表明：(1)可成字部件处在声符位置时的启动效应强于处在义符位置时。(2)可成字部件作义符时的启动作用只出现在处于主要义符位置时。(3)处在声符位置的可成字部件启动不仅促进对包含声符位置部件的汉字的识别, 还促进对包含主要义符位置部件的汉字的识别, 但阻碍对包含次要义符位置部件的汉字的识别。(4)当启动部件处于次要义符位置时, 不影响对包含相关部件的汉字的识别。整个研究表明, 部件位置效应不仅包含部件位置对汉字识别的影响, 还包含部件位置频率对汉字识别的影响。     

Be mindful in love: Exploring the interpersonal effects of spouse mindfulness on employee work and family outcomes

Mindfulness has received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners, and considerable research has demonstrated the intrapersonal effects of mindfulness at work or at home. Research to date, however, has overlooked potential interpersonal effects of mindfulness across the work and family domains. Drawing on the spillover-crossover model and the mindfulness literature, we investigate the effects of spouse mindfulness at home on employee work and family outcomes. We test our model using dyadic experience-sampling data collected from 125 focal employees and their spouses over 10 consecutive workdays. The results indicated that, at the within-person level, spouse mindfulness at home was positively associated with employee authentic emotional sharing at home, which, in turn, was positively associated with employee positive effect at home but negatively associated with employee negative affect at home. The results also indicated that spouse mindfulness at home had a positive indirect effect on family satisfaction at home and work engagement during the next morning through enhancing employee authentic emotional sharing at home. We discuss the implications of these findings and directions for the mindfulness research.     

A violation of dominance and the consumption value of gambling

We document an apparently widespread violation of dominance in the horse‐racing betting market in the UK, and use the systematic variation in the incidence of this violation to estimate the consumption value of gambling. Betting‐shop gamblers in the UK face a tax on gambling of 10%, but have the choice of paying the tax either at the time of wager or on any return on a successful bet. It can be shown, however, that the latter act is strictly dominated by another action in which tax is paid on the wager. Despite this, more than 18% of bets appear to be placed by gamblers who choose to pay tax on the return. We explore the hypothesis that this apparent violation of rationality may be explained by a component of utility which represents the consumption value of gambling, which in turn varies with the amount wagered. We then estimate this component from a dataset consisting of a record of 25,000 individual bets using probit analysis of the tax decision. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Effect of Reviewer Profile Photo on Purchase Decision: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

Although the number of studies on online reviews is growing, the impact of reviewer photo on consumer purchase decision-making has not yet been examined systematically. In particular, the underlying neural mechanisms have remained underexplored. Thus, the present study investigated whether and how reviewer photos affects consumers to make a purchase decision by using eventrelated potentials (ERPs). At the behavioral level, participants demonstrated a higher purchase rate with a shorter RT in situations with reviewer photos compared to situations without reviewer photos. Meanwhile, at the neural level, compared with situations without reviewer photos, situations with reviewer photos attracted more rapid attention resources at the early automatic processing phase, which induced a greater P2 amplitude, then mobilized more sustained attention allocation at the cognitive monitoring phase due to its evolutionary significance which elicited a more negative N2 amplitude, and finally resulted in a better evaluative categorization with higher motivational and emotional arousal due to its social presence which evoked a larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitude at the late elaborate cognitive processing phase. Those results illuminated the neural pathway of purchase decision-making when consumers were exposed in different conditions of reviewer photo. Moreover, the current study provided evidence for the underlying influence of reviewer photo on purchase decision-making in online shopping.     

借鉴管仲农村管理思想加强社会主义新农村建设

管仲作为春秋时期齐国著名的政治家、军事家、经济学家和改革家,对三农(农业、农村、农民)问题高度重视,在农村管理方面有自己的有效策略,是其政治实践的重要组成部分。这些思想在《管子》一书中,得到了充分的体现。今天深入探讨之,对于加强社会主义新农村建设,有着重要的借鉴价值。