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951.
This paper reviews the scattered and diffuse literature on the tolerance of ambiguity construct (AT). The work by Frenkel-Brunswik
(1948) is considered in some detail to help explain the origin of the concept as well as its diffusion to many areas of psychology.
Second, thirty years of correlational research, which looks at the studies correlating AT measures with a variety of psychological
variables, are reviewed. Third, evidence for the differential distribution of AT among particular groups is reviewed. Fourth,
the psychometric properties of the various self-report AT measures are considered in some detail. The two final sections look
at organizational and cultural correlates of AT (the areas currently most interested in the AT concept). The conclusion attempts
to explain varying patterns of interest in the AT construct and its current status. 相似文献
952.
This study investigated the effects of mood induction on Stroop color-naming times for threat-related words. The subjects’
task was to color-name sets of threat-related words and affectively neutral matched control words both before and after mood-induction.
Subjects were shown a short film about the medical effects of nuclear war (negative affect manipulation), a humorous cartoon,
or no film. A significant and highly reliable color-naming decrement of the threat-related words was observed only after the
negative affect manipulation. This indicates that the attentional bias towards the processing of threat-related material observed
in clinically anxious or high Trait-Anxious subjects can be induced in initially nonanxious subjects. An incidental recall
task included in the procedure provided no evidence of mood state dependent recall. 相似文献
953.
Gordon L. Flett Dana L. Sawatzky Paul L. Hewitt 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1995,17(2):111-124
Research on perfectionism has suggested that a strong association exists between the setting and striving for excessively high standards. However, the motivational aspects of perfectionism have yet to be empirically identified. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness and psychometric properties of a new goal commitment scale by assessing commitment to perfection in seven content areas. In addition to identifying individual differences in perfectionism goal commitment, the current research also investigated the association between commitment to perfectionism and trait indices of perfectionism. A sample of 261 students rated degree of commitment to perfectionistic goals and completed two multidimensional perfectionism scales that assess the personal and social aspects of perfectionism. Analyses confirmed the presence of individual differences in perfectionism goal commitment. Correlational tests revealed that the trait perfectionism dimensions were correlated with the goal commitment measure, but the findings varied as a function of the specific perfectionism goal. Overall, the current data are consistent with the view that the perfectionism construct has a salient motivational component. Our findings suggest that the assessment of goal commitment is a useful means of examining specific facets of the perfectionism construct. 相似文献
954.
955.
956.
Perspectives on Quantum Reality: Non‐Relativistic, Relativistic, and Field‐Theoretic, Rob Clifton, Ed., 1996. Dordrecht, The Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishers, xi + 243, US$112.00, ISBN 0–7923–3812‐X
Reconstruction of Scientific Theory Change (Russian title: Rekonstrukcija Processa Smeni Fundamentalnih Nauchnih Teorii), Rinat M. Nugayev, 1989. Kazan, Kazan University Press, 208 pp., ISBN: 5–7464–0240–0
The Beat of a Different Drum: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman, Jagdish Mehra, 1994. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. xxxii + 630, US$19.95 (Pbk), ISBN 0 19 853948 (Hbk), ISBN 0 19 851887 0 (Pbk) 相似文献
957.
Male and female respondents rated jokes with either a female initiator/male target of joke or vice versa. For male respondents,
the gender of the joke target made no difference. For female respondents, however, jokes with males as the target received
significantly higher ratings than jokes with females as the target. 相似文献
958.
The role of oral stimulation in the control of ingestive behavior was investigated using an airlicking procedure. It was hypothesized
that the oral experience of airlicking would inhibit subsequent ingestive activity (water intake), possibly via an habituation
process as suggested by recent research (Swithers, 1996). Rats were implanted with gastric cannulas and trained to lick at
a stream of air. Experimental conditions con-sisted of combinations of airlicking and intragastric hydration followed by oral
intake of water. In support of the main hypothesis, airlicking did reduce subsequent ingestive activity. While the role of
habituation was not tested directly, the results lend support to the proposal that oral stimulation does control ingestion,
and this control could act through an habituation process. 相似文献
959.
The study examined the job-search intentions and subsequent behavior of 32 unemployed males and 32 unemployed females, median
age of 43 years, in relation to conscientiousness and the lower-order trait procrastination and to rated person-task characteristics
of importance, pleasantness, and competence regarding 14 job-search activities. At Time 1, conscientiousness was positively
related to each of the person-task characteristics and to intentions to engage in the composite of job-search activities;
trait procrastination was not. At Time 2, two weeks later, trait procrastination predicted self-reported job-search behaviors,
controlling for initial intentions, with pro-crastinators exhibiting less job-search activity in the two week interim, compared
to nonprocrastinators. Both conscientiousness and trait procrastination were related to a direct self-report measure of dilatory
behavior. The three person-task characteristics were found to mediate the relation of conscientiousness to job-search intentions
and to dilatory behavior. In addition, perceived task pleasantness moderated the relation of conscientiousness to job-search
behavior, controlling for intentions, such that higher levels of conscientiousness were associated with increases in behavior
only under conditions of low task pleasantness. Discussion centered on the prominent role of the person-task characteristics
and on the place of conscientiousness and trait procrastination in predicting intentions and behavior. 相似文献
960.
In this research, we investigated whether attention operates in the encoding of automatized information, the retrieval of automatized information, or in both cases. Subjects searched two-word displays for members of a target category in focused-attention or divided-attention conditions that were crossed with block (training vs. transfer). To see whether subjects encoded all available items or only attended items, we compared performance for subjects in different training conditions but in the same transfer condition. Subjects encoded attended items. To see whether subjects retrieved all the items they had in memory, or only items associated with that to which they were attending at retrieval, we compared performance for subjects in the same training conditions but in different transfer conditions. Subjects retrieved attended items. Attention was found to operate at both encoding and retrieval. These findings support the instance theory of automaticity, which predicts the role of attention at encoding and retrieval 相似文献