MP3播放器外观设计效果的眼动评估

以大学生为被试,利用眼动法和主观评定法,分析了大学生在评估不同颜色（银白色、红色）、不同外形（椭圆形、圆形、长方体形和四棱柱形）MP3播放器外观设计时的眼动特征。结果发现：对于MP3播放器的外观来说,被试最关注的区域是功能键区域,即就是关注MP3播放器的人机交流功能;对于不同外形的MP3播放器,被试对圆形MP3播放器最感兴趣。     

皮亚杰、维果茨基与布鲁纳的儿童教育思想比较

比较儿童教育与心理发展有着密切的关系,理解教育在发展过程中的作用并掌握儿童心理发展的特点,可以更好地处理教育与发展的关系并促进儿童的发展。在这方面,皮亚杰、维果茨基与布鲁纳都为后人留下了丰富的遗产,也给我们现代教育教学带来了深刻启示。     

论公民身份的二重性

公民的概念和公民身份理论是当代政治、社会和法律理论领域中的核心概念,近些年逐渐成为了中国学界关注的理论焦点之一,而对公民身份的基本内涵和属性却缺乏相应深入的研究和了解.本文从内在逻辑和演进脉络两个方面入手,讨论了公民身份本身固有的三对矛盾统一体即二重性,即民族性与世界性,权利性与责任性,私人性与公共性.相信通过对公民身份二重性的充分认识,对于培养"好公民"、构建社会主义和谐社会有着重要的参照和借鉴作用.     

8岁到成年期工作记忆广度的发展

工作记忆与认知能力、智力和学习能力有密切的联系.本研究采用横断研究的方法,测量了213名8岁到成年期被试的数字、词语和视空间工作记忆广度,探查了工作记忆广度的发展情况.结果发现,数字工作记忆广度在此期间持续增长,词语广度在18岁达到最高,视空间工作记忆广度在14-16岁达到高峰.不同任务的工作记忆广度具有相似的发展趋势,但工作记忆的平均广度分数与Pascual-Leone模型的预测并不一致.     

社会公理研究现状与展望

社会公理是人们对世界是如何运作的总体感知,它对人们的日常行为起着重要的指导作用.文章首先介绍了社会公理概念的发展,回顾总结了社会公理对行为的预测及其和文化相关的研究,并对未来的研究方向提出了建议与展望.     

情绪影响创造性认知过程的神经机制

先前有关情绪与创造力的研究多以行为实验为主, 且存在研究结果不一致、缺乏可比性等问题。本项目拟借助认知神经科学技术, 以认知加工的初级过程和次级过程为线索, 采用新颖性判断、远距离联想、顿悟字谜任务等改进的实验范式, 通过时空二维脑机制参数, 重点测查创造力相关脑区激活的时间进程与空间模式, 揭示情绪影响创造性认知活动的大脑动态加工过程。     

Race,Exclusionary Discipline,and Connectedness to Adults in Secondary Schools

This study examines racial differences in students' connectedness to school adults and considers the possibility that disparities in exclusionary discipline practices may reduce all students' sense of connection to educators, not just those who have been disciplined or are from racial groups overrepresented in out‐of‐school suspensions. Data sources include a self‐report survey of secondary school students (n = 29,148) linked to administrative data (n = 107 schools) from a large urban district. Multilevel modeling techniques were used to estimate the relationships between students' racial background, youths' connection to school adults, and school‐level racial discipline gaps. Controlling for school racial composition, gender, grade level and other covariates, students of color were significantly less likely to feel connected to school adults than their White peers. Additionally, the racial discipline gap was significantly and negatively associated with connectedness for all students. Results indicate that strategies to improve educational outcomes for youth of color need to attend to relational dynamics between students and school adults. Research findings also suggest that efforts to reduce discipline disparities may improve all students' connectedness.     

Relationships among Chinese college students’ defensive pessimism,cultural values,and psychological health

This study examined defensive pessimism, viewed as a self-regulatory strategy in Western cultures, in China among college students, and explored its relationship with Chinese cultural values and students’ psychological health operationalized as adult hope and personal growth initiative. Two-hundred and thirty Chinese students from a comprehensive university in Beijing, China, participated in the study. Data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling. The results showed that all the measures used in the study were valid for our sample. The inferential modeling demonstrated that reflectivity, but not pessimism, subscale of defensive pessimism correlated with Chinese cultural values. Additionally, pessimism and reflectivity predicted psychological health in opposite directions. Reflectivity contributed to hope and positive growth initiative, but pessimism decreased these psychological health indicators. The results seemed to suggest that reflectivity, but not pessimism, captured the essence of defensive pessimism for Chinese college students. Limitations and directions for future research were discussed.     

聚焦在信仰运作的基础上--蒲慕州著《追寻一己之福--中国古代的信仰世界》评介

在汉代而前的中国古史研究中,与宗教信仰有关的研究已累积了不少成果.回顾近百年来的中国古代宗教研究,正如该书作者所指出的,相关的重大内容以及与中国文化大传统的关系"也已经相当清楚"(第3页).尽管如此,佛教作为一种外来宗教何以得在中国生根?道教何以得从源远流长的民间信仰中卓然独立出来?以及如佛儒道之类洋洋大教何以最终不能彻底收编民间信仰?类似带根本性的问题仍然悬而未决.回答类似问题,如法国著名汉学家谢和耐所建议的,需要对中国固有的信仰土壤倍加留心①.不将信仰的基础运作纳入研究视线,我们关于类似问题的回答即总会是似是而非.