全文获取类型
收费全文 | 141篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 21篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 1篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 1篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1930年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有145条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
122.
The notion of “the burden of proof” plays an important role in real-world argumentation contexts, in particular in law. It
has also been given a central role in normative accounts of argumentation, and has been used to explain a range of classic
argumentation fallacies. We argue that in law the goal is to make practical decisions whereas in critical discussion the goal
is frequently simply to increase or decrease degree of belief in a proposition. In the latter case, it is not necessarily
important whether that degree of belief exceeds a particular threshold (e.g., ‘reasonable doubt’). We explore the consequences
of this distinction for the role that the “burden of proof” has played in argumentation and in theories of fallacy. 相似文献
123.
We investigated the effects of learning schedule and multi‐modality stimulus presentation on foreign language vocabulary learning. In Experiment 1, participants learned German vocabulary words utilizing three learning methods that were organized either in a blocked or interleaved fashion. We found interleaving with the keyword mnemonic and rote study advantageous over blocking, but retrieval practice was better served in a blocked schedule. It is likely that the excessively delayed feedback for the retrieval practice in the interleaved practice schedule impeded learning while the spacing involved in the interleaved schedule enhanced learning in the keyword mnemonic and rote study. In Experiment 2, we examined whether a multi‐modality stimulus presentation from visual and auditory channels is better suited for aiding learning over a visual presentation condition. We found benefits of multi‐modality presentation only for the keyword mnemonic condition, presumably because the nature of the keyword mnemonic involving sound and visualization was particularly relevant with the multi‐modality presentation. The present study suggests that optimal foreign language learning environments should incorporate learning schedules and multimedia presentations based on specific learning methods and materials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
124.
Neil McMillan Allison H. Hahn Jenna V. Congdon Kimberley A. Campbell John Hoang Erin N. Scully Marcia L. Spetch Christopher B. Sturdy 《Animal cognition》2017,20(4):655-663
Chickadees are high-metabolism, non-migratory birds, and thus an especially interesting model for studying how animals follow patterns of food availability over time. Here, we studied whether black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) could learn to reverse their behavior and/or to anticipate changes in reinforcement when the reinforcer contingencies for each stimulus were not stably fixed in time. In Experiment 1, we examined the responses of chickadees on an auditory go/no-go task, with constant reversals in reinforcement contingencies every 120 trials across daily testing intervals. Chickadees did not produce above-chance discrimination; however, when trained with a procedure that only reversed after successful discrimination, chickadees were able to discriminate and reverse their behavior successfully. In Experiment 2, we examined the responses of chickadees when reversals were structured to occur at the same time once per day, and chickadees were again able to discriminate and reverse their behavior over time, though they showed no reliable evidence of reversal anticipation. The frequency of reversals throughout the day thus appears to be an important determinant for these animals’ performance in reversal procedures. 相似文献
125.
Matthew Grizzard Allison Z. Shaw Emily A. Dolan Kenton B. Anderson Lindsay Hahn Sujay Prabhu 《Media Psychology》2017,20(4):557-583
Previous studies have indicated that media consumption may influence moral intuition sensitivity. The present exploratory studies sought to expand on these findings by employing a three-phase, longitudinal experiment conducted over nine weeks, where participants were exposed to two genres of films (romance, action) mixed in various ratios (high = 100% romance, medium = 60% romance, low = 20% romance, none = 0% romance). Findings from the initial study indicate that repeated exposure to romantic films led to increases in sensitivity for four of the five moral intuitions (i.e., care, fairness, authority, purity); at the same time, any exposure to action films seemed to erode these changes. A follow-up post-hoc content analysis sought to confirm these findings and test an operationalization of “moral conditioning.” We discuss the results in regards to media entertainment theory and research, and the societal implications of the role of media entertainment to reinforce standards of moral judgment. 相似文献
126.
The present experiment examined the degree to which experience with different stimulus characteristics affects attentional capture, particularly as related to aging. Participants were presented with onset target/color singleton distractor or color singleton target/onset distractor pairs across three experimental sessions. The target/distractor pairs were reversed in the second session such that the target in the first session became the distractor in the second and third sessions. For both young and old adults previous experience with color as a target defining feature influenced oculomotor capture with task-irrelevant color distractors. Experience with sudden onsets had the same effect for younger and older adults, although capture effects were substantially larger for onset than for color distractors. Experience-based capture effects diminished relatively rapidly after target and distractor-defining properties were reversed. The results are discussed in terms of top-down and stimulus-driven effects on age-related differences in attentional control. 相似文献
127.
National Society of Genetic Counselors' Definition Task Force Resta R Biesecker BB Bennett RL Blum S Hahn SE Strecker MN Williams JL 《Journal of genetic counseling》2006,15(2):77-83
The Genetic Counseling Definition Task Force of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) developed the following definition of genetic counseling that was approved by the NSGC Board of Directors:
Genetic counseling is the process of helping people understand and adapt to the medical, psychological and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. This process integrates the following:
•Interpretation of family and medical histories to assess the chance of disease occurrence or recurrence.
•Education about inheritance, testing, management, prevention, resources and research.
•Counseling to promote informed choices and adaptation to the risk or condition.
The definition was approved after a peer review process with input from the NSGC membership, genetic professional organizations, the NSGC legal counsel, and leaders of several national genetic advocacy groups. 相似文献
128.
Although similarity plays an important role in accounts of language processing, there are surprisingly few direct empirical studies of the phonological similarity between words, and it is therefore not clear whether similarity comparisons between words involve processes similar to those involved in other cognitive domains. In five experiments, participants chose which of two monosyllabic pseudo-words sounded more similar to a target pseudo-word. Our results are generally consistent with the structural alignment theory of comparisons between complex mental representations, suggesting that phonological word similarity parallels similarity involving other kinds of information including visual objects and scenes, events, and word meanings. We use our results to test new metrics of word similarity, and identify predictions for future similarity research both in the domain of word sounds and in other cognitive domains. 相似文献
129.
In three experiments, we examined attentional and oculomotor capture by single and multiple abrupt onsets in a singleton search paradigm. Subjects were instructed to move their eyes as quickly as possible to a color singleton target and to identify a small letter located inside of it. In Experiment 1, task-irrelevant sudden onsets appeared simultaneously on half the trials with the presentation of the color singleton target. Response times (RTs) were longer when onsets appeared in the display regardless of the number of onsets. Eye-scan strategies were also disrupted by the appearance of the onset distractors, although the proportion of trials on which the eyes were directed to the onsets was the same regardless of the number of onsets. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the time of presentation of two task-irrelevant onsets in order to further examine whether multiple onsets would be attended and fixated prior to attending a color singleton target. Again, subjects made a saccade to a task-irrelevant onset on a substantial proportion of trials prior to fixating the target. However, saccades to the second onset were rare. Experiment 3 served as a replication of Experiment 1 but without the requirement for subjects to move their eyes to detect and identify the singleton target. The RT results were consistent with those in Experiment 1; dual onsets had no larger an effect on response speed than single onset distractors. These data are discussed in terms of the interaction between top-down and bottom-up control of attention and the eyes. 相似文献
130.
The German plural system has recently become a focal point for conflicting theories of language, both linguistic and cognitive. Marcus et al. (1995) highlight the German plural as support for the dual-route account of inflectional morphology first proposed by Pinker and colleagues (Pinker & Prince, 1988). On the dual-route account, inflectional morphology is universally subserved by a symbolic rule route which deals with regular inflection and an associative memory component which deals with irregular inflection. This contrasts with single-route connectionist systems. We seek to counter supposed evidence for the dual-route account through large-scale simulations as well as through experimental data. We argue that, in its current form, the dual-route account is incapable of generating experimental data provided by Marcus et al. (1995) as support. Finally, we provide direct quantitative comparisons between single-route and dual-route models of German plural inflection and find single-route performance superior on these tests. 相似文献