Emotion identification across adulthood using the Dynamic FACES database of emotional expressions in younger,middle aged,and older adults

Facial stimuli are widely used in behavioural and brain science research to investigate emotional facial processing. However, some studies have demonstrated that dynamic expressions elicit stronger emotional responses compared to static images. To address the need for more ecologically valid and powerful facial emotional stimuli, we created Dynamic FACES, a database of morphed videos (n?=?1026) from younger, middle-aged, and older adults displaying naturalistic emotional facial expressions (neutrality, sadness, disgust, fear, anger, happiness). To assess adult age differences in emotion identification of dynamic stimuli and to provide normative ratings for this modified set of stimuli, healthy adults (n?=?1822, age range 18–86 years) categorised for each video the emotional expression displayed, rated the expression distinctiveness, estimated the age of the face model, and rated the naturalness of the expression. We found few age differences in emotion identification when using dynamic stimuli. Only for angry faces did older adults show lower levels of identification accuracy than younger adults. Further, older adults outperformed middle-aged adults’ in identification of sadness. The use of dynamic facial emotional stimuli has previously been limited, but Dynamic FACES provides a large database of high-resolution naturalistic, dynamic expressions across adulthood. Information on using Dynamic FACES for research purposes can be found at http://faces.mpib-berlin.mpg.de.     

巴基斯坦佛教文化遗产与旅游发展刍议

1947年独立的巴基斯坦作为南亚地区年轻的国家,却有着特殊的地理位置和悠久的历史文化。多元的自然生态和厚重的历史文化景观,塑造了巴基斯坦丰富的旅游资源,但旅游事业在巴基斯坦国民经济中所占的比重却一直很低,如2017年旅游收入仅占该国GDP的2.9%。[1]印度河穿越全境,沿岸留下了诸多的古文明遗址遗迹。     

制度反腐:问题、依据与原则

本文以党的十七大精神为指导,运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法,立足我国当前实际,对目前反腐制度存在的不足、制度反腐的可能与应当遵循的原则进行了深入探讨.     

试论《易传》对《文心雕龙》的影响

《文心雕龙》是中国文学史上第一部体大思精、具有完整体系的古代文学理论专著。本文依《彖传》、《象传》、《文言传》、《说卦传》、《序卦传》、《杂卦传》的顺序，分别论述《易传》七种对《文心雕龙》所产生的深刻影响。     

The effects of violent video games and shyness on individuals’ aggressive behaviors

The general aggression model (GAM) has suggested that the interaction between person factors (e.g., personality variables) and situation factors (e.g., playing violent video games [VVGs]) can increase individuals’ aggressive behaviors through their cognition (e.g., hostile attributions), affect (e.g., negative affect), and/or arousal. The present study employed a modified competitive reaction time task to test the effects of shyness, violent (vs. nonviolent) gameplay, and shyness on individuals’ positive–negative affect, hostile attributions, and aggressive behaviors. In addition, the present study also employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the mediation (by cognition and affect) and moderation (by shyness). Results showed that playing a VVG increased aggressive behaviors, negative affect, and hostile attributions primarily among shy participants. In addition, the results of SEM also revealed that this moderating role was mediated by negative affect and hostile attributions. The present study supported GAM and showed that individuals’ aggressive behaviors are differentially susceptible to VVGs, depending on their level of shyness in a “for bad and for worse” manner.     

乡村振兴视域下毛泽东少数民族边疆地区乡村治理思想探析——读《中国农村的社会主义高潮》的思考

巩固少数民族边疆地区乡村治理,是中国共产党人谋求各族人民共同富裕发展目标的本质要求。毛泽东主持编辑的《中国农村的社会主义高潮》收录了具有代表性的少数民族边疆地区乡村治理鲜活案例,充分展现了毛泽东关于少数民族边疆地区乡村治理的战略思想:发挥少数民族边疆地区农牧群众主动性,奠定乡村社会改革治理群众基础;发展少数民族边疆地区农牧业生产合作社,提升乡村改革治理的组织化成效;强化少数民族边疆地区干部队伍和基层党支部建设,夯实乡村改革治理人才组织基础等内容。从实施乡村振兴战略视域来看,毛泽东的这些思想与实践对新时代构建基层社会治理共同体具有重要启迪意义。     

为柯亨的平等主义风尚辩护

柯亨认为,罗尔斯差别原则的真正实现,不仅需要公正的强制性规则,而且还需要一种贯穿个人选择之中的平等主义风尚。对于这种平等主义风尚,有妨碍职业自由、伤害到最不利者的尊严以及这种风尚无法实现三种反对意见,但这些反对并不成功。同时,也存在从保护职业自由的角度、从用好"才能"的角度、从运用辩护性共同体的角度三种修正平等主义风尚的方法,其中前两种修正存在一定问题,第三种则更为成功。