Confucian Ethics: Altruistic? Egoistic? Both? Neither?

Is Confucian ethics primarily egoistic or altruistic? There is textual support for both answers. For the former, for example, Confucius claims that one learns for the sake of oneself; for the latter, we can find Confucius saying that one ought to not impose upon others as one would not like to be imposed upon. This essay aims to explain in what sense Confucian ethics is egoistic (the highest goal one aims to reach is to become a virtuous person oneself) and in what sense it is altruistic (a virtuous person is necessarily concerned with the well-being, both external and internal, of others). The conclusion to be drawn, however, is not that Confucian ethics is both egoistic and altruistic, but that it is neither, since the Confucian ideal of a virtuous person is to be in one body with others so that there are really no others (since all others become part of myself), and since there are no others, there is no self either.     

叶矫然《易史参录》述要

叶矫然生当明末清初之际,此时期亦为史事派易学著作,如吴曰慎<周易本义爻征>、金士升<易内传>、胡世安<易史>等相继问世之时.<四库全书总目>于上述诸书,虽未选录于经部易类,然于叶矫然<易史参录>一书,则载诸<存目>,欲研究清初史事易学,探究史事易学何以至清而趋于极盛,则叶氏其人其书,自有不可不涉猎者.本文主要从<易史参录>著述背景与体制、易学渊源、援史证<易>特色、价值得失,并就<四库全书提要>主要论点提出一愚之见,略作修正与补充.由于叶矫然<易史参录>为清初史事宗易学重要之易家,其书亦影响同治年间另一史事易家曹为霖<易学史镜>甚巨,希望藉由本文之作,能提供未来从事清代史事易学,或清代易学史研究者之参考,进而有裨于吾人于清代易学全貌之了解.     

阅读材料的呈现方式对儿童阅读活动的影响

本研究采用传统印刷文本、普通电子文本和超文本导航模式考察阅读材料的呈现方式对儿童阅读活动的影响.研究结果表明:(1)在三种呈现方式条件下,高阅读水平者的阅读成绩显著优于低水平者;女生成绩显著优于男生;(2)阅读材料的不同呈现方式对儿童阅读理解无显著影响;(3)在三种呈现方式中,儿童对超文本的正向评价要优于传统印刷文本和普通电子文本.这表明大部分儿童可以在短时间内接受,并熟悉非线性文本方式.     

论和谐社会中的经济正义

构建社会主义和谐社会,是我们的治国理想,而实现经济正义,则既是构建和谐社会的手段,也是构建和谐社会的目的.本文在探讨研究经济正义的重要意义的基础上,提出了实现经济正义的途径.     

当代公民婚姻道德观状况实证研究——基于对江苏省的调查

基于实证研究,当下婚姻道德观的文明程度在不断提升,爱情动因既功利又超功利.爱情的存在只是婚姻满意的前提,夫妻经济地位的平等和物质生活务件的逐步改善才是婚姻持续幸福的保障.爱情和道德责任相互结合是确保婚姻美满的两大支柱.对婚外情宽容而不纵容体现了原则性与灵活性相结合的辩证思维.     

Phonological awareness in young Chinese children

Two studies explored the nature of phonological awareness (PA) in Chinese. In Study 1, involving 146 children, awareness of phoneme onset did not differ from chance levels at ages 3-5 years in preschool but increased to 70% correct in first grade, when children first received phonological coding (Pinyin) instruction. Similarly, tone awareness was at better than chance levels from second year kindergarten (age 4), but increased strongly and significantly in first grade to 74% accuracy. In contrast, syllable and rime awareness increased gradually and steadily across ages 3-6 years. Patterns suggest different influences of age and literacy instruction for different PA levels. In Study 2, involving 202 preschoolers, variance in Chinese character recognition was best explained by tasks of syllable awareness, tone awareness, and speeded naming. Findings underscore the unique importance of both tone and syllable for early character acquisition in Chinese children.     

汉末思想嬗变对《伤寒杂病论》的影响

汉末是两汉经学向魏晋玄学过渡的时期,有清通简要、得意忘言、务实求真等时代特点,并在一定程度上摆脱了神仙之风对医学的影响。从思想嬗变的角度,对中医巨著《伤寒杂病论》的行文风格、方法原则、学术思想等诸方面进行分析,从而提出对其时代背景研究的新思路。     

大型教学医院应加强肿瘤疾病数据库的建设

建立恶性肿瘤疾病数据库（carcinoma cases database,CCD）来管理肿瘤患者的临床资料是临床医学信息化、现代化的迫切要求和必然趋势。大型教学医院应充分利用资源优势,遵循可行性、实用性原则,加强CCD的建设,以实现对肿瘤病人临床资料规范、系统、便捷的管理,更好地开展临床、教学和科研工作,评估肿瘤疾病的疗效及完善病例的随访追踪。     

医疗损害赔偿费用的探讨

《医疗事故处理条例》与《民法通则》确定的赔偿范围和标准不一致。通过《医疗事故处理条例》与《民法通则》的对比,提出医疗损害赔偿的三个原则,即全面赔偿原则、限额赔偿原则、衡平赔偿原则,以及建立医疗损害赔偿费用的统一标准,希望对司法实践有所借鉴意义。