Motor knowledge is one dimension for concept organization: Further evidence from a Chinese semantic dementia case

Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have indicated that motor knowledge is one potential dimension along which concepts are organized. Here we present further direct evidence for the effects of motor knowledge in accounting for categorical patterns across object domains (living vs. nonliving) and grammatical domains (nouns vs. verbs), as well as the integrity of other modality-specific knowledge (e.g., visual). We present a Chinese case, XRK, who suffered from semantic dementia with left temporal lobe atrophy. In naming and comprehension tasks, he performed better at nonliving items than at living items, and better at verbs than at nouns. Critically, multiple regression method revealed that these two categorical effects could be both accounted for by the charade rating, a continuous measurement of the significance of motor knowledge for a concept or a semantic feature. Furthermore, charade rating also predicted his performances on the generation frequency of semantic features of various modalities. These findings consolidate the significance of motor knowledge in conceptual organization and further highlights the interactions between different types of semantic knowledge.     

员工绿色行为的影响因素及其理论解释

员工绿色行为决定了组织环保成效, 是促进组织可持续发展的关键。员工绿色行为是指员工实施的一系列旨在减少对环境造成负面影响、有助于环境可持续的行为。首先, 介绍了员工绿色行为的概念、结构; 其次, 基于自我决定理论、情感事件理论、计划行为理论、社会认知理论和社会学习理论解释了员工绿色行为影响因素; 最后, 提出未来研究可以从概念界定、研究层次、研究视角(均衡视角、动态视角)三大方面做进一步拓展。     

员工何以蓬勃旺盛?影响工作旺盛感的组织情境与理论模型

工作旺盛感是个体在工作中同时感受活力和学习一种心理状态。组织情境中领导、组织支持和公平、工作特征和同伴均影响工作旺盛感。基于特质激活和自我决定理论, 构建“组织情境影响工作旺盛感的心理机制”模型：“全景式”和“离散式”组织情境能直接影响基本心理需求的满足, 或者先激活特质, 再影响基本心理需求满足, 进而影响工作旺盛感。未来应加强“全景式”组织情境及其中介机制研究, 开展个体和组织情境变量以及社会层和任务层等多层次整合研究, 并运用动态研究方法研究组织情境与工作旺盛感之间的联动变化规律, 预测工作旺盛感。     

Social decision making mediates the association between anger and externalising problems in Chinese adolescents

The goal of this study was to test the mediating effect of social decision making in the relations of anger and anger control to externalising and internalising problems. A sample of 174 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 15.36 years) completed self‐reports of trait anger, anger control, externalising problems, internalising problems and social decision making, which was operationalized as situational judgement reflecting an individual's ability to interact effectively with parents, teachers and peers. Findings indicated that adolescents' trait anger and anger control were positively related to both externalising and internalising problems. In addition, path analysis revealed that social decision making mediated the relationship between trait anger, anger control and externalising problems. Findings on the mediating effect will be discussed by referencing appraisal tendency theory and response evaluation and decision.     

Neuroticism and Marital Satisfaction During the Early Years of Chinese Marriage: The Mediating Roles of Marital Attribution and Aggression

On the basis of three annual waves of data obtained from 268 Chinese couples, we tested an actor–partner interdependence mediation model in which spouses’ neuroticism was linked to their own and partners’ marital satisfaction through both intrapersonal processes (i.e., marital attribution) and interpersonal processes (i.e., marital aggression). Considering intra‐ and interpersonal processes simultaneously, four indirect, mediating pathways were identified: Time 1 Wives’ Neuroticism → Time 2 Wives’ Attribution or Aggression, while controlling for Time 1 Wives’ Attribution or Aggression → Time 3 Wives’ or Husbands’ Marital Satisfaction, while controlling for Time 1 Wives’ or Husbands’ Marital Satisfaction. This study not only adds to a limited body of research examining why neuroticism is associated with conjugal well‐being, but also extends prior research by focusing on Chinese couples and utilizing a longitudinal, dyadic mediation model. Such findings have important practical implications. Couples involving neurotic partners may benefit from interventions based on cognitive‐behavioral approaches. When working with couples challenged by neuroticism, practitioners need to help them address dysfunctional interactive patterns as well as distorted cognitive styles.     

网络成瘾者工作记忆能力的ERP研究

旨在探究网络成瘾者和非成瘾者在言语工作记忆任务和视觉工作记忆任务中,面对网络相关刺激与网络无关刺激的ERP成分差异。利用词汇和图片材料,招募网络成瘾者以及非成瘾者各30名参加了N-back（N=2）工作记忆任务的ERP实验,同时记录行为数据及EEG,离线处理数据。结果发现：（1）在视觉工作记忆任务中,与网络无关图片相比,两组被试对网络相关图片的反应时显著更长,正确率也显著更低,而在言语工作记忆中无此显著差异;（2）非成瘾者面对网络相关图片产生的N2波幅显著高于网络无关图片,网络成瘾者对网络相关图片产生的P3波幅显著高于网络无关图片。两组差异表明网络成瘾者在言语工作记忆和视觉工作记忆上对网络相关刺激的早期加工存在差异,网络成瘾者对网络相关图片的视觉工作记忆水平较低。     

Temporal modulations of agonist and antagonist muscle activities accompanying improved performance of ballistic movements

Although many studies have examined performance improvements of ballistic movement through practice, it is still unclear how performance advances while maintaining maximum velocity, and how the accompanying triphasic electromyographic (EMG) activity is modified. The present study focused on the changes in triphasic EMG activity, i.e., the first agonist burst (AG1), the second agonist burst (AG2), and the antagonist burst (ANT), that accompanied decreases in movement time and error. Twelve healthy volunteers performed 100 ballistic wrist flexion movements in ten 10-trial sessions under the instruction to "maintain maximum velocity throughout the experiment and to stop the limb at the target as fast and accurately as possible". Kinematic parameters (position and velocity) and triphasic EMG activities from the agonist (flexor carpi radialis) and antagonist (extensor carpi radialis) muscles were recorded. Comparison of the results obtained from the first and the last 10 trials, revealed that movement time, movement error, and variability of amplitudes reduced with practice, and that maximum velocity and time to maximum velocity remained constant. EMG activities showed that AG1 and AG2 durations were reduced, whereas ANT duration did not change. Additionally, ANT and AG2 latencies were reduced. Integrated EMG of AG1 was significantly reduced as well. Analysis of the alpha angle (an index of the rate of recruitment of the motoneurons) showed that there was no change in either AG1 or AG2. Correlation analysis of alpha angles between these two bursts further revealed that the close relationship of AG1 and AG2 was kept constant through practice. These findings led to the conclusion that performance improvement in ballistic movement is mainly due to the temporal modulations of agonist and antagonist muscle activities when maximum velocity is kept constant. Presumably, a specific strategy is consistently applied during practice.     

肠易激综合征：罗马III标准与我国共识意见解读

肠易激综合征在我国的发病率逐年升高,2003年我国制定的IBS的共识意见已不适用,因此2007年我国肠易激综合征共识意见进行了重新修订,称为长沙共识意见。长沙共识意见借鉴了国际公认的罗马III标准,在IBS的诊断所需的时间,IBS的亚型分型等方面做了较大的修订。并强调了随诊在IBS诊断中的重要性。长沙共识意见同时指出罗马III标准是基于西方国家的研究资料制定的,并不完全适用于我国。我国在IBS的诊断中应结合国人的发病特点进行诊断。长沙共识意见在IBS的治疗方面就我国现状提出了治疗流程。     

情境效应或自动化加工：大学生对老年人的内隐态度

使用词汇判断任务和新近发展起来的情感错误归因程序(AMP)研究范式, 探讨大学生对老年人的内隐态度是否具有情境效应。实验一的结果表明, 大学生被试并不认为老年人比年轻人具有更高的专业能力。实验二和实验三采用被试间设计, 在典型的AMP中分别添加了情境因素, 结果都表明被试在职业、家庭、美德等情境中对老年人没有给出更积极的内隐评价; 被试对中性数字启动的做出的内隐评价比对老年人启动的内隐评价的更积极。