Rule‐Following and Externalism*

John McDowell has suggested recently that there is a route from his favoured solution to Kripke's Wittgenstein's “sceptical paradox” about rule‐following to a particular form of cognitive externalism. In this paper, 1 argue that this is not the case: even granting McDowell his solution to the rule‐following paradox, his preferred version of cognitive externalism does not follow.     

Beauvoir‐in‐America: Understanding,Concrete Experience,and Beauvoir's Appropriation of Heidegger in America Day by Day

This paper reads Simone de Beauvoir's travel journal America Day by Day for its philosophical content. I argue that this work provides a unique approach to feminist, embodied philosophy, one that has been overlooked by the categorization of her writing into philosophical works and feminist ones. Such an approach, I contend, is enacted here through her use of Heidegger's concept of the everyday to inform her own treatment of understanding and experience.     

ANTECEDENTS OF INVOLUNTARY TURNOVER DUE TO A REDUCTION IN FORCE

This study examined antecedents to involuntary turnover due to a reduction in force. The authors used structural equation modeling and logit regression analysis with a sample of 194 salespeople to test an exploratory process model of involuntary turnover. Results showed that general mental ability and conscientiousness were indirectly correlated with involuntary turnover through job performance, whereas the relationship of tenure, gender, job involvement, sales volume, and supervisory ratings of job performance to turnover was direct. The results demonstrate that involuntary turnover decisions are significantly related to performance; however, other variables also influenced these decisions. Implications and future research needs are discussed.     

Abused and Nonabused Women: MMPI Profile Differences

Ten women—victims of conjugal abuse—were compared with 10 nonabused women by using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Implications for research, diagnosis, and counseling are discussed.     

Comments on Terkelsen's “Schizophrenia and the Family: II. Adverse Effects of Family Therapy”

These comments supplement Kenneth Terkelsen's paper by expanding on the ethical and moral issues faced by families of the chronically mentally ill in the current era of deinstitutionalization.     

Detection of errors in statistical problem solving

Ten subjects were asked to think aloud while solving two statistical problems. The subjects were instructed after each substep of his/her problem solving, to check in various ways the solution of the previous substep. The subjects detected 25 out of a total of 56 errors when they solved the problems. About half of the detected errors were computational errors. Nine errors were eliminated in response to the checking instructions. The think aloud data indicated that subjects' most common way of detecting their own errors was by noting that computations resulted in extreme values. Subjects also detected errors by (a) "spontaneous discovery"; (b) discontent with other aspects of a solution than the numerical value of the answer; (c) repeating a solution. The last mentioned type of error detection only occurred when subjects responded to the checking instructions. Finally it was found that subjects had a strong tendency to respond to the checking instructions either in a routinized or in a non-elaborated way. It was discussed how the formulation of checking instructions can be improved in order to avoid this effect.     

Personality Profiles of Recently Terminated Executives

Empirical comparison of terminated executives' personality profiles with employed controls revealed no pathological indicators in those terminated.     

Adult Education and Counseling: An Emerging Synthesis

Adult education and counseling are needed facilitative and helping functions for a nation growing older. The current challenge seems to be to make counseling and educational services more widely available to people of all ages. Fulfilling adult needs and helping them adjust to new life circumstances will stretch the counseling system far beyond its traditional settings in schools and public service agencies. Present trends highlight the need for accessible, even convenient, resources for stimulating lifelong learning, adjustment to change, and personal development. In fact, the need structure of most adults seems to be weighted far more heavily in the direction of developmental counseling and learning more effective ways to fulfill their needs. Opportunities for adult education, career planning and assessment, and counseling services head the list of needed resources.