Using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS‐21) across cultures

The DASS‐21 is a well‐established instrument for measuring depression, anxiety, and stress with good reliability and validity reported from Hispanic American, British, and Australian adults. However, the lack of appropriate validation among Asian populations continues to pose concerns over the use of DASS‐21 in Asian samples. Cultural variation may influence the individual's experience and emotional expression. Thus, when researchers and practitioners employ Western‐based assessments with Asian populations by directly translating them without an appropriate validation, the process can be challenging. We conducted a series of rigorous statistical tests and minimized any potential confounds from the demographic information. Following factor analyses, we performed multigroup analysis across six nations to demonstrate consistency of our findings. The advantages of this revised DASS‐18 stress scale are twofold. First, it possesses fewer items, which results in a cleaner factorial structure. Second, it has a smaller interfactor correlation. With these justifications, the revised DASS‐18 stress scale is potentially more suitable for Asian populations. Nonetheless, given limitations, findings should be considered preliminary.     

Dislocations in Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors

Abstract

Dislocations and dislocation networks in superconducting Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O have been observed by means of TEM, confirming that this compound is a layer structure with low stacking fault energy. On the basal plane, dislocations and dislocation networks dissociate into partial dislocations and partial dislocation networks. However, the dissociation of [010] dislocations is hardly observed, which is related to the structural characteristics of the compound.     

血尿酸水平与脑梗死及其各指标的相关性分析

研究血尿酸(UA)与脑梗死发病与预后的相关性.本试验选择2008年5月至2009年3月中国医科大学附属一院神经内科就诊的脑梗死患者为病例组,同期中国医科大学附属一院门诊体检者70例为对照组,均进行血尿酸(SUA)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)及C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及血压的测定.比较病例组与对照组的相关指标的变化,并比较高尿酸与非高尿酸组的梗死例数与严重程度、生化指标等的变化.脑梗死组SUA水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);HUA组的患病率也显著高于非HUA组(P＜0.05);大梗死灶组UA值高于小梗死灶组(P＜0.05),中梗死灶组UA值高于小梗死灶组(P＜0.05).重度损伤组UA值大于轻度组(P＜0.05);中度损伤组UA值大于轻度组(P＜0.05).HUA组的SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、FBG及hs-CRP各值高于非HUA组,HDL-CD低于非HUA,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).     

医学生妇产科临床见习渗透伦理学教学的意义

现代医生应是专业技能与人文素养兼备的形象,医学伦理学素质是医学生理应具备的品格.实践证明,医学伦理学临床见习是培养医学生医学伦理学素质的必要环节.医学伦理学的临床见习,能固化医学生的知识体系,有利于医学生医学伦理学素质的养成,帮助提高医学生分析和解决医学临床实践中面临的伦理困境.而妇产科室由于其特殊性,在临床见习中渗透伦理学教学的意义尤为重大,通过妇产科医学伦理学临床见习的设计与实施,科学合理地选择见习的内容,寻找最佳的见习方式和方法,完善见习的评定体系和考核形式,医学伦理学的教学效果立竿见影.     

老化刻板印象研究现状及展望

老化刻板印象是人们对老年人所持有的观念与预期,它能显著影响老化刻板印象持有者的生理功能、认知功能和行为结果。现有研究主要集中在老化刻板印象的机制、影响因素和中介变量方面。研究发现,老化刻板印象是通过内化形成的,刻板印象威胁理论和自我刻板化是解释老化刻板印象的两种作用机制。认知加工过程中的抑制能力、情境和文化差异是影响老化刻板印象的主要因素,而老化自我知觉和刻板期望则是老化刻板印象影响效果变量的中介因素。未来研究除了要继续探讨意识水平、情境因素、个体特征对老化刻板印象的影响以及老化刻板印象对不同年龄群体影响的特点以外,还应关注中介和干预研究,并进一步加强跨文化研究。     

Blue Monday Is Real for Suicide: A Case–Control Study of 188,601 Suicides

Many studies have reported that suicides tend to occur on Mondays. However, owing to a lack of controls, conclusive findings on the potential effects of a day of the week on suicides have been lacking. We analyzed public data for causes of death from 1997 to 2015 in the Republic of Korea. Accidental death was used as a control group. The probability of suicide on each day of the week according to age group was calculated. A total of 377,204 deaths (188,601 suicides and 188,603 accidental deaths) were used. The frequency of suicide was highest on Monday and decreased throughout the week until Saturday. Accidental death was highest on Saturday and showed no variations according to weekday. For people in their teens and 20s, the probabilities of suicide on Monday were 9% and 10% higher, respectively, than those on Sunday. As age increased, the differences in suicide probability according to the day of the week were attenuated. The so‐called Blue Monday effect is real, particularly for people in their teens and 20s. Suicide prevention strategies that aim to attenuate the burden and stress of Mondays should be planned.     

中医健康养生思想审视:历史和逻辑统一的维度

中医健康养生思想是中国优秀传统文化理念应用于中华民族健康养生实践的产物。基于历史和逻辑统一的视角对中医健康养生思想进行审视,可以发现中医健康养生思想的发生发展不仅与中国传统文化存在本质联系,而且具有自身内在的建构逻辑。梳理了中医健康养生思想发展的基本脉络,总结了中医健康养生思想演变的内在逻辑,探索了中医健康养生思想实现当代价值转型的基本路径。指出未来中医健康养生思想的发展不仅需要传承精华,更需要创新发展,唯有此才能推动中医健康养生走出一条真正的特色与优势之路。     

道与时间——以金岳霖《论道》为中心

金岳霖将"道"视作"时间"的根基与归宿,视"时间"为道演过程中出现的一种特定现象。他注重"时间"的"秩序"义,以个体的变动作为时间的实质,并以"运"与"命"作为个体"时间"的具体表现形态,同时考察了"时间"与"意味"之间的关系。金岳霖将"时间"概念主题化,对"时间"的理解与规定逻辑严密,又兼具中国情怀,这丰富与深化了20世纪中国哲学对"时间"问题的研究。     

超越干涉主义，医疗也需要考虑“疾病耐受性”——兼论中医药介入新冠肺炎救治的新思考

部分新冠肺炎患者死因,确与炎症风暴等有关,而炎症风暴的产生,在一定程度上与现代医学干涉主义的一味对抗性治疗思路有关。引进“疾病耐受性”概念,认为提升机体耐受性也是应对病态时常用且有效之机制;重视这类机制,或许能在对抗性措施外,寻找到新的防范及缓解疾病反应的途径。此外,借“疾病耐受性”概念来分析中医药应对新冠肺炎疗效之机制,提出中医药可能不一定直接抗衡病因,也可能包括调动机体耐受性,减轻不适,以使机体更好地适应病态;在不同病理阶段下,中医药常运用不同思路与原则应对。这些,值得高度重视。     

更优更耐心：质量结果对跨期选择的影响

跨期选择以往的研究集中于金钱数量结果。基于维度加工的模型,本文探究了在跨期选择中,人们面对质量差异的结果（如今天的低配版手机还是六个月后的高配版手机）与相对应的金钱结果（如今天的5000元还是六个月后的6000元）的选择偏好差异。三个实验结果表明：人们面对质量结果（相比于金钱结果）的跨期选择表现得更耐心,而这种现象是由于人们面对选择时在结果维度差异感知不同所致。与金钱结果跨期选择相同,质量结果跨期选择的心理加工过程同样遵循维度间差异比较。本研究为基于维度的跨期选择模型提供了新的证据。