周围神经嵌压症诊治过程中的临床思维

运用自然辩证法培养良好的临床思维,指导周围神经嵌压症的诊治过程,有助于获得最佳诊治效果。诊断过程中需全面了解理论知识,学会科学观察,兼顾整体与局部的关系,通过合理分析与综合,可以做出确切诊断。治疗过程中需对有关医师的技术进行评价,采用控制论及系统论方法指导治疗,才能恢复周围神经的结构与功能。     

亚健康的范畴研究

随着自然科学的进步和哲学思想的演进,与之相适应的医学模式也不断地变化发展;现代生物-心理-社会医学模式下肿瘤综合治疗的策略与观念有了很大的变化,不仅注重提高治愈率,而且注重病人生活质量,从以人为本的哲学思想出发,在肿瘤治疗中视生命的存在与生命的价值同样重要。     

揭开“看牙难、看牙贵”的面纱

患者对现有分科看牙模式的失望和对牙科医疗机构的商业化模式的疑问,产生了“看牙难、看牙贵”的感叹。通过14年的全科牙医诊疗体系的实践,从结构影响结果的哲学角度提出全科牙医教育培训体系的建立和牙科产业链调整的设想。通过对历史上全科牙医的回顾,推测全科牙医和专科牙医的互补形式,将成为中国牙科医疗体系的“新式样”。通过对牙科医疗机构运行机制的分析提出了改善的建议。     

文化差异影响彝、白、纳西和汉族大学生对黑白的认知

以彝族、白族、纳西族和汉族的大学生为被试,采用颜色相似性判断和颜色再认任务,考察了彝族、白族、纳西族和汉族的大学生对于黑色和白色的认知,意在探究不同民族的黑、白文化是否影响人们对黑、白颜色的认知。结果发现：⑴彝族、白族、纳西族和汉族的黑、白文化影响四个民族的大学生对于黑色和白色的认知;⑵语言和文化对于颜色认知的影响包括间接效应和直接效应。整个研究表明,语言和文化对颜色认知有重要影响     

负面身体自我女性对身体信息的记忆偏向： 来自ERP研究的证据

采用事件相关电位（ERPs）技术探讨了负面身体自我女性（大学生）对胖-瘦两类身体图片进行再认时的脑内时程动态变化。结果发现,相对于控制组（正常女大学生）,胖负面身体自我女大学生在750~800ms的时间窗口内,“胖图”比“瘦图”诱发出一个更正的ERP波形,差异波的地形图显示该正成分在中前部有更强的激活。进一步对差异波作偶极子溯源分析,结果发现,该正成分主要起源于右侧枕叶附近。这似乎表明,右侧枕叶的激活与身体自我信息的出现有关,与负面身体自我图式的体验有关     

Phonological awareness in young Chinese children

Two studies explored the nature of phonological awareness (PA) in Chinese. In Study 1, involving 146 children, awareness of phoneme onset did not differ from chance levels at ages 3-5 years in preschool but increased to 70% correct in first grade, when children first received phonological coding (Pinyin) instruction. Similarly, tone awareness was at better than chance levels from second year kindergarten (age 4), but increased strongly and significantly in first grade to 74% accuracy. In contrast, syllable and rime awareness increased gradually and steadily across ages 3-6 years. Patterns suggest different influences of age and literacy instruction for different PA levels. In Study 2, involving 202 preschoolers, variance in Chinese character recognition was best explained by tasks of syllable awareness, tone awareness, and speeded naming. Findings underscore the unique importance of both tone and syllable for early character acquisition in Chinese children.     

Chinese working in groups: Effort dispensability versus normative influence

Chinese participants were found less likely to social loaf when working in groups than did North Americans. This result was attributed mainly to the collectivism and individualism characterizing Chinese and North Americans, respectively. However, this explanation does not address how Chinese people's social loafing tendency may vary across situations. If Chinese participants are concerned about their relations with coworkers, they should be more likely to conform to the performance level of their coworkers. This prediction is in opposition to effort dispensability, which is usually found among North Americans, whereby individuals adjust their effort in reverse to that of their coworkers. Consistent with our prediction, findings from three studies revealed that Chinese participants tended to conform to the performance level of their coworkers when their performance is made public ( vs kept anonymous) and when they have high ( vs low) relational concerns. These findings have implications for unpacking nuanced cultural influences on behaviours.     

酒依赖与酒文化

作为一种精神障碍,越来越多的与饮酒有关的问题在我国引起了专业人员的重视。酒依赖不仅对个体的心理和躯体健康有害,还会引起一系列的社会问题。对酒这种精神活性物质作了多维度的评价,描述了形形色色的酒文化现象,探讨了我国酒文化在饮酒及饮酒相关问题发生中的作用。     

医患沟通障碍的现象学诠释及对话调适

相当多的医患冲突不是由医疗技术的原因引起,而是医患沟通不畅造成的。从现象学视域诠释医患关系,分析了医患对于“疾病”意义的不同认识,只有在诠释学语境中建立“你我”对话关系,在倾听中领会,才能在理解中寻找到共享的意义世界。从一个全新的视角构建了医患视域融合的框架,在医患对话实践中,通过“移情”跨越医患视域前见的鸿沟,以达到医患视域的融合。     

患者隐私杈的法学思考

结合法学理论、医疗实践和目前患者隐私权的法律保护现状,就侵权行为、民事责任的认定以及隐私权的限制等问题予以理论阐释,并提出了切实可行的保护措施,如建立健全相关法律法规、医务人员要增强法律保护意识等,以期为患者隐私权的保护提供有益的参考。