为中国文化立皇极——唐君毅论中西人文精神之融通与中国文化之未来发展

唐君毅认为,近代中国文化面临西方文化冲击所采取的卑屈、功利的态度,阻碍了中国文化的真正重建。中国文化的未来发展,必须立足于中国文化之根本精神综摄西方文化精神,以全面重建中国未来社会文化精神和纯粹文化精神,这是继中国文化先秦立"人极"、宋明立"太极"后的立"皇极"的文化伟业。     

成体干细胞可塑性研究中的若干哲学思考

随着干细胞生物学研究的不断深入,成体干细胞被发现可以分化成组织来源与其无关的其他系统的细胞,即成体干细胞的可塑性.但是最近不断有学者对其提出质疑,认为可塑性可能是与"细胞融合"或成年组织中的"多潜能成年祖细胞"有关.面对可塑性上两种截然相反的观点,我们在热切关注其研究进展的同时,也引发了一连串的哲学思考.     

The relationship between sex role attitudes and attitudes supporting marital violence

This study explored the relationship between attitudes toward sex roles and attitudes endorsing the legitimacy of physical force by men in the marital relationship. Approximately 40% of this sample of 300 college undergraduates were black, allowing black-white comparisons on these variables as well. The results support a sociocultural analysis of spouse abuse. A moderately strong positive relationship was found between traditional sex role preferences and attitudes supporting the use of physical force. In addition, men were found to hold more traditional sex role attitudes than women and were more likely to endorse the use of physical force in the marital relationship. Whites were found to be more traditional in their sex role attitudes than blacks, but no racial differences were found with regard to attitudes endorsing physical force. Further analysis revealed that traditional sex role attitudes were the most powerful predictor of attitudes supporting marital violence, while race and sex played a relatively unimportant role. Implications for spouse-abuse prevention program are discussed.     

Stability of personality self-ratings over 30 years: evidence for an age/cohort interaction

An investigation was made of the hypothesis of Bloom (1964) and others that the stability of personality is greater among older than younger adults. The subjects were 459 men in two cohorts, followed from 1947 to 1977 as part of a longitudinal medical study. Self-ratings were obtained over the 30-year period on 15 item-factor scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and on two higher order factors. There was no selective attrition in the sample with respect to baseline personality scores. Thirty-year uncorrected stability coefficients ranged from .08 to .88 across the two cohorts. There was substantial evidence of greater stability on many traits in the older than in the younger age/cohort group. Furthermore, in late adulthood, traits related to the higher order factor Constraint were more stable than were traits related to Positive vs. Negative Affectivity. The study is not a definitive test of Bloom's hypothesis because cohort and age effects are confounded. However, the results are supportive of the hypothesis and the study improves on existing research in a number of ways.     

Inherited predisposition to alcoholism: characteristics of sons of male alcoholics

Sons of male alcoholics (SOMAs) are at markedly heightened genetic risk for the development of alcohol abuse. Study of SOMAs could therefore conceivably increase the efficiency of research aimed at uncovering those heritable factors that predispose to alcoholism. SOMAs manifest observable behavioral, cognitive, and psychophysiological abnormalities while sober and react idiosyncratically to alcohol intoxication. They are most commonly described as conduct disordered and hyperactive, appear heir to a variety of deficits in verbal and abstract cognition, and perform more poorly in the academic environment. SOMAs are characterized by abnormal patterns of cued psychophysiological response, and appear more sensitive to the putatively reinforcing aspects of alcohol intoxication. Various methodological weaknesses permeate the relevant literature. Some straightforward improvements are suggested.     

Instrumentation for an electrocutaneous communication device

The device described is a prototype that uses spatiotemporal resolution for electrocutaneous stimulation. Signals initiated through a keyboard activate a matrix of four electrodes that may be applied to the fingers, forearm, abdomen, back, or other parts of the integument. The instrumentation described includes a pulse generator, the active time and delay time controls, the control of the total length of a pulse train, and the constant-current generators whose output is fed into the electrodes. This device may be used as an interface with an alphanumeric device (e.g., a calculator or computer) and as a basic instrument in research investigating the spatial and temporal resolving capacities of the skin senses.     

学前儿童因果思維发展的初步实驗研究

一、前言 学前儿童有沒有因果思維?因果思維在学前儿童身上究竟是怎样形成起来的?带有因果性质的实践动作究竟是怎样向因果性思維活动轉化的?各年龄阶段的学前儿童的因果思維的发展究竟有那些显著的特点?学前儿童因果思維的发展究竟能达到什么样的水平等等,都是学前儿童思維心理学中的一些重要問題。     

抑郁对社会决策的影响

从社会决策角度出发,依托博弈论的经典范式是研究抑郁症病人人际与社会功能障碍的一个切入点。Ruff和Fehr （2014）提出在社会决策中存在三类情境,即社会反馈、替代性评价、社会原则。我们从这个理论框架出发,发现抑郁症病人在社会反馈加工中存在社会性快感缺失,对社会拒绝的敏感性增强;在替代性评价过程中,共情和心理理论能力减弱;抑郁症病人对决策中的社会原则（公平、合作）存在适应不良现象,如过度利他性。未来的研究一方面可进一步探索抑郁症病人的社会性快感缺失现象,另一方面可采用经颅电/磁刺激与脑成像技术结合或超扫描技术,提高研究结果的解释力和生态效度。     

基于团体平衡视角的公立医院改革模式分析

通过分析公立医院改革中的相关利益集团及团体冲突,发现改革的动力主要来自城乡居民和中央政府,阻力主要来自公立医院和地方政府.对公立医院改革的四种模式进行了相关利益集团的利益损益剖析并从团体平衡的视角探究改革政策形成过程的不足、政策内容设计的缺陷.提出政府平衡各团体利益的五种途径:明确改革的价值取向和目标、厘清政府与公立医院的关系、制定游戏规则、协调利益冲突、干预利益格局.     

中国古代麻醉术发明史

古代麻醉术的发明起源于中国,在现代麻醉传入前,中国在麻醉术的应用方面已有一定的经验积累和实际应用.东汉时期,华佗最早将麻醉技术用于外科,晋唐时期医家将全身麻醉法更多地用于临床,创造性地将针刺术用于麻醉,宋金元以后的认识和运用更趋细密.历经几千年,麻醉术经过从经验到科学,从粗糙趋精细的漫长艰难探索过程.