Effects of cementite morphology on short-fatigue-crack propagation in binary Fe–C steel

The effects of cementite morphology on short-fatigue-crack propagation were investigated by subjecting smooth steel specimens to rotating-bending fatigue tests. Intergranular and transgranular cementite precipitation steels free of other phases were prepared through heat treatments. In the intergranular cementite precipitation steel, short-fatigue-crack propagation was decelerated at the grain boundaries, and accelerated in the grain interiors. In contrast, the transgranular precipitation steel showed the deceleration of the crack propagation in the grain interiors but not in the vicinity of the grain boundaries.     

Revisiting “Upstream Public Engagement”: from a Habermasian Perspective

The idea of conducting “upstream public engagement,” using nanotechnology as a test case, has been subject to criticism for its lack of any link to the political system. Drawing on the theoretical tools provided by Habermas, this article seeks to explore such a “link”, focusing specifically on the capacity of civil society organizations (CSOs) to distil, raise and transmit societal concerns in an amplified form to the public spheres at the European Union (EU) level. Based on content analysis and semi-structured interviews with relevant actors, this article examines the evolution of CSO approaches towards nanotechnology over the past decade and investigates whether and how upstream public engagement could contribute to more vibrant public spheres and facilitate the formation of communicative power. The answer to these questions is twofold: on the one hand, moving public engagement “upstream” enables CSOs to be better informed and to become part of the debates more quickly. A “green alliance” is taking shape, which calls for more stringent regulation on nanomaterials. On the other hand, upstream public engagement has turned out to be unsuccessful in generating substantial and sustained interest. A number of CSOs have quit this field in frustration at the tokenistic engagement and out of fatigue after the intense lobbying battle for Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH).     

道教多神崇奉的深层人文内涵初探

对神的崇奉和敬仰,应该说是所有宗教的共性。道教在对神的崇奉中有别于其他宗教的一大特点,就在于道教的多神崇奉。在道教的信仰中究竟有多少位神灵?这很难精确统计出来。本文     

Mind-reading in strategic interaction: The impact of perceived similarity on projection and stereotyping

In social dilemmas, negotiations, and other forms of strategic interaction, mind-reading—intuiting another party’s preferences and intentions—has an important impact on an actor’s own behavior. In this paper, we present a model of how perceivers shift between social projection (using one’s own mental states to intuit a counterpart’s mental states) and stereotyping (using general assumptions about a group to intuit a counterpart’s mental states). Study 1 extends prior work on perceptual dilemmas in arms races, examining Americans’ perceptions of Chinese attitudes toward military escalation. Study 2 adapts a prisoner’s dilemma, pairing participants with outgroup targets. Study 3 employs an ultimatum game, asking male and female participants to make judgments about opposite sex partners. Study 4 manipulates perceived similarity as well as counterpart stereotype in a principal–agent context. Across the studies, we find evidence for our central prediction: higher levels of perceived similarity are associated with increased projection and reduced stereotyping.     

青年情绪智力与主观幸福感的关系

以444名青年为研究对象,采用Schutte编制的《情绪智力量表》、艾森克人格问卷和Diener等人编制的《国际大学调查》为研究工具,调查青年各群体的主观幸福感水平,并对情绪智力和主观幸福感的关系进行了研究。结果发现,青年不同群体之间存在显著的主观幸福感差异,本科生群体的主观幸福感水平最高;在控制了人口学变量和人格变量之后,情绪智力能独立预测主观幸福感各维度的变异。     

Surface effect on the screw dislocation mobility over the Peierls barrier

The effect of the image force on the Peierls stress (τ _p ) of a screw dislocation below a free surface is studied via a self-consistent semidiscrete variational Peierls–Nabarro model. The consequence of reduction in elastic energy and increase in stacking fault energy by the presence of the free surface is found to additively increase the Peierls stress (τ _p ). This model gives a physical interpretation of the same tend observed in a recent molecular dynamic study, while previous continuum analysis predicted the opposite.     

Stair-rod dislocations in perovskite films on LaAlO3 substrates

Two types of stair-rod dislocation formed at junctions of {111} stacking faults in SrTiO₃-SrRuO₃ two-layer films on LaAlO₃ substrates have been studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The first type, formed by the interaction of two stacking faults situated at the flat SrRuO₃-LaAlO₃ interface without any step, has a Burgers vector (a/3)<110>. The other type, formed by the interaction of two stacking faults, of which one starts from the SrRuO₃-LaAlO₃interface area involving an interface step, has a Burgers vector (a/3)<120>. The formation mechanism of the stair-rod dislocations and the effect of the step are discussed.     

恶性肿瘤临床决策中应重视的问题

恶性肿瘤是特殊的疾病,临床决策具有高度复杂性。医患共同决策是应遵循的基本原则,多科室合作是决策成功的保障,生命质量是应予以高度关注的课题,人文思想是现代医生必备的素养。     

论地域传统文化与西部民族地区艾滋病防控

地域传统文化与疾病防控的关系密切,地域传统文化不仅是一种重要的文化资源,对地方的疾病防控也有着极大的促进作用,但有时还会阻碍疾病防控的进一步实施.由于西部少数民族地区艾滋病已蔓延到了非常严峻的时期,预防和控制艾滋病传播迫在眉睫,眼下首先应学习先进文化,急待转变和更新观念,消除地域传统文化摩擦;其次,高度重视教育,提高其人口素质,消除传统文化摩擦.     

资本主义研究在马克思社会形态理论中的地位

<正>社会形态理论是马克思主义的研究者最为重视的马克思历史理论之一,甚至被看作历史唯物主义的核心部分,但同时也是引起最多争议和质疑的部分。然而,无论是关于社会形态演进序列之"五形态"与"三形态"的争论,还是关于社会形态的依次演进是否具有历史必然性的争论,抑或关于