Evolution of Human Civilization in Form

The essence of human civilization is the organizational forms for production, life, and other social activities. These organizational forms usually change according to historical development and pattern. According to Marx’s theory of three social forms including personal dependence, dependence on things, and free and full development of man, human civilization can be divided into three forms, namely pre-civilization, internally divided civilization, and civilization featuring free and full development of man, of which the second one can be further divided into slavery, serfdom, capitalist civilization, etc. A new form of human advancement created in modern China is a future form of civilization in concept and direction, and a realistic form of civilization in foundation and structure.     

Mind-reading in strategic interaction: The impact of perceived similarity on projection and stereotyping

In social dilemmas, negotiations, and other forms of strategic interaction, mind-reading—intuiting another party’s preferences and intentions—has an important impact on an actor’s own behavior. In this paper, we present a model of how perceivers shift between social projection (using one’s own mental states to intuit a counterpart’s mental states) and stereotyping (using general assumptions about a group to intuit a counterpart’s mental states). Study 1 extends prior work on perceptual dilemmas in arms races, examining Americans’ perceptions of Chinese attitudes toward military escalation. Study 2 adapts a prisoner’s dilemma, pairing participants with outgroup targets. Study 3 employs an ultimatum game, asking male and female participants to make judgments about opposite sex partners. Study 4 manipulates perceived similarity as well as counterpart stereotype in a principal–agent context. Across the studies, we find evidence for our central prediction: higher levels of perceived similarity are associated with increased projection and reduced stereotyping.     

资本主义研究在马克思社会形态理论中的地位

<正>社会形态理论是马克思主义的研究者最为重视的马克思历史理论之一,甚至被看作历史唯物主义的核心部分,但同时也是引起最多争议和质疑的部分。然而,无论是关于社会形态演进序列之"五形态"与"三形态"的争论,还是关于社会形态的依次演进是否具有历史必然性的争论,抑或关于     

青年情绪智力与主观幸福感的关系

以444名青年为研究对象,采用Schutte编制的《情绪智力量表》、艾森克人格问卷和Diener等人编制的《国际大学调查》为研究工具,调查青年各群体的主观幸福感水平,并对情绪智力和主观幸福感的关系进行了研究。结果发现,青年不同群体之间存在显著的主观幸福感差异,本科生群体的主观幸福感水平最高;在控制了人口学变量和人格变量之后,情绪智力能独立预测主观幸福感各维度的变异。     

儿童青少年元认知的发展特点及作用的心理机制

儿童元认知的研究是当前认知发展领域的重点研究方向之一。陈英和等研究者在这个主题下通过理论及实证研究进行了广泛且深入的探讨,不断发展出适合于不同年龄阶段元认知测量的有效工具,综合采用多种方法探讨了儿童青少年的元认知发展特点、元认知及其各子成分在一般认知、社会认知及具体学科领域中的作用机制,以及元认知和一般认知能力的关系。这些研究为进一步探明儿童元认知的发展规律及作用机制提供了证据。     

互动公正及其因素结构实证研究

在中国文化背景下,针对营利性组织中人际交往中互动公正的因素结构展开研究,通过实证调研、数据分析得出互动公正的二维结构,即尊重与认可、解释和领导方式,同时提出互动公正在人力资源管理实践中的指导意义。     

Surface effect on the screw dislocation mobility over the Peierls barrier

The effect of the image force on the Peierls stress (τ _p ) of a screw dislocation below a free surface is studied via a self-consistent semidiscrete variational Peierls–Nabarro model. The consequence of reduction in elastic energy and increase in stacking fault energy by the presence of the free surface is found to additively increase the Peierls stress (τ _p ). This model gives a physical interpretation of the same tend observed in a recent molecular dynamic study, while previous continuum analysis predicted the opposite.     

Stair-rod dislocations in perovskite films on LaAlO3 substrates

Two types of stair-rod dislocation formed at junctions of {111} stacking faults in SrTiO₃-SrRuO₃ two-layer films on LaAlO₃ substrates have been studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The first type, formed by the interaction of two stacking faults situated at the flat SrRuO₃-LaAlO₃ interface without any step, has a Burgers vector (a/3)<110>. The other type, formed by the interaction of two stacking faults, of which one starts from the SrRuO₃-LaAlO₃interface area involving an interface step, has a Burgers vector (a/3)<120>. The formation mechanism of the stair-rod dislocations and the effect of the step are discussed.     

红色的心理效应:现象与机制研究述评

红色是自然界和人类社会最常见的颜色之一,它对人类心理与行为的影响受到心理学家的关注.2005年发表在Nature上关于红色队服增强奥运选手竞赛成绩的研究报告,引发了一系列红色心理效应研究.本文从生理指标、行为观察、认知、语言文化、情绪、态度等多个角度综述了红色心理效应的现象和机制,并提出“情境假说”来解释红色对心理与行为的影响.综述表明,红色的心理效应缘于其在不同情境下联结着不同的心理意义.这些联结受先天遗传和后天环境的共同影响.红色与心理意义的联结诱发了特定的心理状态,从而影响个体的心理与行为.颜色对心理的影响及其机制,已经成为颜色科学基础与应用研究的前沿领域之一.     

依恋关系的形成：保护情境中母亲和婴儿的作用

母婴依恋是婴儿期形成的首要关系之一, 同时也是影响儿童早期社会化的关系性背景。以亲子互动中形成依恋安全感差异的相关研究为基础, 从特质观、领域特殊观和社会认知观的角度对它们进行梳理, 有助于提炼出母亲的敏感性、特定的互动情境以及儿童的社会预期分别在预测母婴依恋关系中的作用。3种研究取向的整合有赖于细致地区分特质观和社会认知观在看待亲子互动中双方情绪状态、认知能力和回应过程上的差别; 制定新的依恋干预方案应当以提高父母识别和应对婴儿消极情绪的能力, 以及为婴儿提供适当的依随性学习经验为目的。