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Events have beginnings, ends, and often overlap in time. A major question is how perceivers come to parse a stream of multimodal information into meaningful units and how different event boundaries may vary event processing. This work investigates the roles of these three types of event boundaries in constructing event temporal relations. Predictions were made based on how people would err according to the beginning state, end state, and overlap heuristic hypotheses. Participants viewed animated events that include all the logical possibilities of event temporal relations, and then made temporal relation judgments. The results showed that people make use of the overlap between events and take into account the ends and beginnings, but they weight ends more than beginnings. Neural network simulations showed a self-organized distinction when learning temporal relations between events with overlap versus those without. 相似文献
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The isolated elements and variability effects of cognitive load theory were used to alter the element interactivity of Chinese characters when instructing novice learners (72 overseas students at a Chinese university) in writing characters using worked examples-practice procedures. A group of characters with more than eight strokes was disassembled into three individual components. Students were required to trace examples and practice writing of either similar sequences of isolated components followed by integrated components of full characters (Isolated–Integrated sequences); variable sequences of isolated followed by integrated components (Variability–Integrated sequences); or conventional Integrated–Integrated sequences of full characters. It was hypothesized that the fully integrated stroke-movements form of example-practice sequences would result in less learning due to a greater cognitive load. The results demonstrated that the participants in both the Isolated–Integrated and Variable–Integrated groups performed significantly better than the Integrated–Integrated group with the Variable–Integrated group outperforming the Isolated–Integrated group. 相似文献
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Erica M. Bednar Michael T. WalshJr. Ellen Baker Kimberly I. Muse Holly D. Oakley Rebekah C. Krukenberg Cara S. Dresbold Sandra B. Jenkinson Amanda L. Eppolito Kelly B. Teed Molly H. Klein Nichole A. Morman Elizabeth C. Bowdish Pauline Russ Emaline E. Wise Julia N. Cooper Michael W. Method John W. Henson Andrew V. Grainger Banu K. Arun Karen H. Lu 《Journal of genetic counseling》2018,27(6):1482-1496
An environmental scan (ES) is an efficient mixed-methods approach to collect and interpret relevant data for strategic planning and project design. To date, the ES has not been used nor evaluated in the clinical cancer genetics setting. We created and implemented an ES to inform the design of a quality improvement (QI) project to increase the rates of adherence to national guidelines for cancer genetic counseling and genetic testing at three unique oncology care settings (OCS). The ES collected qualitative and quantitative data from reviews of internal processes, past QI efforts, the literature, and each OCS. The ES used a data collection form and semi-structured interviews to aid in data collection. The ES was completed within 6 months, and sufficient data were captured to identify opportunities and threats to the QI project’s success, as well as potential barriers to, and facilitators of guideline-based cancer genetics services at each OCS. Previously unreported barriers were identified, including inefficient genetic counseling appointment scheduling processes and the inability to track referrals, genetics appointments, and genetic test results within electronic medical record systems. The ES was a valuable process for QI project planning at three OCS and may be used to evaluate genetics services in other settings. 相似文献
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从理论上概述了各时期监测定义的演变以及相关伦理辩论,列举了公共卫生监测所引发的普遍的伦理问题及适用的主要伦理原则,揭示了临床医学和公共卫生中伦理问题的不同。人权是个人利益和集体利益的共同基础,因此,也可能是临床伦理和公共卫生伦理的共同基础。最后,依据《世界卫生组织关于公共卫生监测中伦理问题的指南》及其他文献列出多种公共卫生伦理标准,试图在实际工作中帮助评估公共卫生监测方案在伦理上的可接受性。 相似文献
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医院暴力事件愈演愈烈,严重威胁到医务工作者的安全与健康,成为医疗卫生领域的国际关注点。我国急诊科护士的医院场所暴力发生率高,尤其以心理暴力最为普遍。通过明确医院场所暴力的深刻内涵,论述了国内外急诊护理人员工作场所暴力的发展现状及特点,以及阐述广大急诊护理工作者对医院场所暴力的认知与需求。结合国内外先进经验,探究出系统、有效的暴力应对策略,以期减少医院场所暴力伤害,为相关部门制定保护措施提供参考。 相似文献
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本研究采用ERP技术,考察音乐训练组和对照组完成诗句押韵判断任务时,在绝句末对韵律信息(含声调和韵母两个维度)的整合加工过程。结果发现,在100~300 ms,仅音乐训练组在声调/韵母合适条件下,对韵母/声调的一致性进行深入分析,并诱发了更大的正波;在韵母违反条件下,声调违反相比声调合适诱发了更小的正波。在300~750ms,两组被试均在绝句末对诗句内出现的韵母和声调违反进行整合分析并诱发了广泛分布的负波。不过,对照组仅在声调/韵母合适条件下进行,而音乐训练组则在声调/韵母违反条件下完成此过程。综上,音乐训练组和对照组均会在诗句末完成押韵信息的整合加工,但是音乐训练组对韵律信息(尤其是声调)的加工更敏感和快速,并且对不同类型的违反有更精细的差异性反应 相似文献