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31.
Epistemic naturalism holds that the results or methodologies from the cognitive sciences are relevant to epistemology, and
some have maintained that scientific methods are more compatible with externalist theories of justification than with internalist
theories. But practically all discussions about naturalized epistemology are framed exclusively in terms of cognitive psychology,
which is only one of the cognitive sciences. The question addressed in this essay is whether a commitment to naturalism really
does favor externalism over internalism, and we offer reasons for thinking that naturalism in epistemology is compatible with
both internalist and externalist conceptions of justification. We also argue that there are some distinctively internalist
aims that are currently being studied scientifically and these notions, and others, should be studied by scientific methods.
This essay is dedicated to Deborah Mayo, who has long advocated using error statistical techniques to analyze and resolve
epistemological puzzles in the philosophy of science. This essay follows the same spirit by advocating that computational
concepts and techniques be applied within the heart of traditional, analytic epistemology. 相似文献
32.
33.
通过在某三级医院安宁疗护科为期5个月的田野研究,分析临终病人与家属的临终互动过程,阐明互动支持者在促进其临终互动过程中的作用。期间共收集21例研究对象的20份家庭会议录音、79张照片、21份个案笔记,梳理出7个临终互动情境。研究显示,互动支持者发挥的作用有互动促发激发互动意愿、互动支持增加互动勇气和互动保障促进互动进行。由此得出结论,互动支持者作为病人与家属的互动桥梁,通过互动促发、互动支持和互动保障,翻译其行为背后的情感与期待、转述情感的表达,促进有效陪伴和及时表达爱,使病人善终、家属善别。
相似文献34.
35.
我国民众对SARS信息的风险认知及心理行为 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
采用分层抽样的调查方法,对全国17个城市的4231名市民进行了SARS疫情中风险认知特征和心理行为的研究。结果发现:(1)负性信息,包括患病信息和与自身关系密切的信息,更易引起民众的高风险认知; 正性信息,包括治愈信息和政府防范措施的信息,能降低个体风险认知水平。(2)我国民众5月中旬风险认知因素空间位置分析结果表明, SARS病因处于不熟悉和难以控制一端,“愈后对身体的影响和有无传染性”处于不熟悉一端,这是引起民众风险意识的主要因素。(3)结构方程分析结果表明,SARS疫情信息是通过风险认知对个体的应对行为、心理健康产生影响的, 并初步验证了风险评估、心理紧张度、应对行为和心理健康等指标对于危机事件中民众心理行为的预测作用 相似文献
36.
37.
Gender and conjugal differences in happiness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lu L 《The Journal of social psychology》2000,140(1):132-141
The author examined conjugal congruence on 4 role experiences--spousal, parental, filial, worker--and on subjective well-being (SWB). According to purposive sampling strategy, 222 community adults (111 married couples) in Taiwan completed a research questionnaire. Conjugal congruence on role experiences was linked to conjugal congruence on SWB as well as personal well-being. Analyses showed that conjugal congruence on role experiences (except the worker role) and SWB was generally high. However, some conjugal discrepancies persisted: The husbands were more committed to the worker role, whereas the wives were more committed to the parental role. Furthermore, conjugal discrepancies in role experiences were related to conjugal discrepancies in SWB as well as to husbands' happiness. 相似文献
38.
39.
Luo Lu Shu-Fang Kao Cary L. Cooper Paul E. Spector 《International journal of stress management》2000,7(3):209-226
This study investigated managerial stress in Taiwan and UK using the Occupational Stress Indicator-2 (OSI-2) and the Work Locus of Control (WLCS) scale. Results showed that the reliability and validity of the measures used were acceptable and comparable in the two samples. There were similarities as well as differences in managerial stress in the two countries. Recognition and Managerial role were important predictors of strain for the Chinese managers, whereas Relationships, Organizational climate, and Personal responsibility were important predictors of strain for UK managers. There were consistent moderating (vulnerability) effects of internal control for the Taiwanese managers. Results corroborated some previous studies conducted in the West. However, caution was also suggested for generalizing Western-originated concepts and theories across cultural boundaries. 相似文献
40.
Although many nonlinear models of cognition have been proposed in the past 50 years, there has been little consideration of
corresponding statistical techniques for their analysis. In analyses with nonlinear models, unmodeled variability from the
selection of items or participants may lead to asymptotically biased estimation. This asymptotic bias, in turn, renders inference
problematic. We show, for example, that a signal detection analysis of recognition memory data leads to asymptotic underestimation
of sensitivity. To eliminate asymptotic bias, we advocate hierarchical models in which participant variability, item variability,
and measurement error are modeled simultaneously. By accounting for multiple sources of variability, hierarchical models yield
consistent and accurate estimates of participant and item effects in recognition memory. This article is written in tutorial
format; we provide an introduction to Bayesian statistics, hierarchical modeling, and Markov chain Monte Carlo computational
techniques. 相似文献