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281.
The present study examined the role of the developmental coordination disorder in 154 children's socialization and the expression of deviant behaviors in the context of Greek primary education. For assessment of their motor coordination, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children of Henderson and Sugden was used. The peer nomination method (sociogram) was used for the estimation of children's social status, and the expression of deviant behaviors was assessed via Conners' Teacher Questionnaire. Analyses showed that developmental coordination disorder was associated with poor socialization and the expression of deviant behaviors. These findings support the development of educational programs to include children with poor motor coordination. 相似文献
282.
Anderson JR Kuroshima H Hattori Y Fujita K 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2005,119(4):461-464
Co-orientation by capuchin (Cebus apella) and squirrel (Saimiri sciureus) monkeys in response to familiar humans abruptly switching the direction of their visual attention was recorded. Co-orientation occurred more frequently overall in capuchins than squirrel monkeys. Capuchins showed a tendency to habituate within trials involving consecutive attention switches performed by 2 different people, whereas squirrel monkeys co-oriented more when the 2nd attention switch was by a 2nd actor. These results suggest variable attention-processing abilities in New World monkeys, including differences in summation of attention by others. 相似文献
283.
Behavioral studies have consistently reported striking differences in the impact of sentence-level information on the processing of words presented in the right (RVF) versus the left (LVF) visual field, with context effects apparent only for RVF items. The consistent lack of such effects in the LVF has been taken to mean that right hemisphere language comprehension is largely insensitive to message-level meaning. We used the functional specificity afforded by event-related potential measures to assess this claim. Target words completing strongly and weakly constraining sentence contexts, in which constraint arose at the sentence level rather than from lexical associations, were presented laterally in the LVF or RVF. Increased constraint significantly reduced N400 amplitudes with presentation in both VFs, with no differences in the timing or amplitude of these effects. These results are inconsistent with the view that the VF asymmetries found in behavioral measures reflect differential hemispheric capacities at the level of semantic analysis and integration, although VF-based differences on earlier components (P2) suggest asymmetries in the impact of sentential context on perceptual aspects of word processing in the two hemispheres. 相似文献
284.
An object phenomenally shrinks in its horizontal dimension when shown on a 2-D plane as if the central portion of the object were partially occluded by another vertical one in 3-D space (the Kanizsa amodal shrinkage). We examined the predictions of the correcting-mechanism hypothesis proposed by Ohtsuka and Ono (2002, Proceedings of SPIE 4864 167-174), which states that an inappropriate operation of the mechanism that corrects a phenomenal increase in monocularly visible areas accompanied by a stereoscopic occluder gives rise to the illusion. In this study we measured the perceived width (or height in experiment 3) of a square seen behind a rectangle, while controlling other factors which potentially influence the illusion, such as the division of space or depth stratification. The results of five experiments showed that (a) the perceived width was not influenced when the occluder had a relatively large binocular disparity, but was underestimated when the occluder did not have disparity, and (b) the shrinkage diminished when the foreground rectangle was transparent, was horizontally oriented, or contained no pictorial occlusion cues. These results support the hypothesis that the correcting mechanism, triggered by pictorial occlusion cues, contributes to the Kanizsa shrinkage. 相似文献
285.
We studied the effects of expectation and repetition on searching for singletons in very brief displays. In Experiment 1, we found that when a given feature defined the singleton for a whole block--so that in every trial the subject could expect a particular target feature--search accuracy was significantly higher than when the feature setting was randomly redetermined from trial to trial. However, an unexpected repetition triggered almost no advantage. In Experiment 2, we found no advantage for expected alternation. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated that there is little or no advantage for perception in conditions allowing only for target-feature facilitation or distractor-feature inhibition. We propose that in singleton search a division of feature space facilitates detection, and that this division works best under conditions of expected repetition. Experiment 5 replicated Experiment 1, but in Experiment 5 we examined response times and long display exposures. Results suggested that previous findings of singleton priming reflect mainly postperceptual factors. 相似文献
286.
We report that anomalous motion illusion in a new variant of the Ouchi figure is well predicted by the strength of its Fourier fundamentals and harmonics. The original Ouchi figure consists of a rectangular checkerboard pattern surrounded by an orthogonal rectangular checkerboard pattern, in which illusory relative motion between the two regions is perceived. Although this illusion has been explained in terms of biases in integrating one-dimensional motion signals to determine the two-dimensional motion direction, the physiological mechanism has not been clarified. With our new stimuli, which consisted of thin lines instead of rectangles, we found that the perceived illusion is drastically reduced when the position of each line element is randomly shifted. This is not predicted by simple models of local motion integration along the visible edges. We demonstrate that the relative amplitude of the relevant Fourier fundamentals and harmonics leads to a quantitative prediction. Our analysis was successfully applied to other variants of the Ouchi figure (Khang and Essock 1997 Perception 26 585-597), closely predicting the reported rating. The results indicate that the underlying physiological mechanism is sensitive to the Fourier components of the stimuli rather than the visible edges. 相似文献
287.
Blank H 《Memory (Hove, England)》2005,13(2):200-224
Traditionally, the causes of interference phenomena were sought in "real" or "hard" memory processes such as unlearning, response competition, or inhibition, which serve to reduce the accessibility of target items. I propose an alternative approach which does not deny the influence of such processes but highlights a second, equally important, source of interference-the conversion (Tulving, 1983) of accessible memory information into memory performance. Conversion is conceived as a problem-solving-like activity in which the rememberer tries to find solutions to a memory task. Conversion-based interference effects are traced to different conversion processes in the experimental and control conditions of interference designs. I present a simple theoretical model that quantitatively predicts the resulting amount of interference. In two paired-associate learning experiments using two different types of memory tests, these predictions were corroborated. Relations of the present approach to traditional accounts of interference phenomena and implications for eyewitness testimony are discussed. 相似文献
288.
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290.
Närhi V Ahonen T Aro M Leppäsaari T Korhonen TT Tolvanen A Lyytinen H 《Brain and language》2005,92(1):45-57
We report two studies on rapid serial naming (RSN). Study 1 addressed the relations among RSN tasks comprising different stimuli. Separate components for RSN of alphanumeric and non-alphanumeric stimuli, as well as for tasks in which the stimuli alternated between categories were identified. In Study 2, phonological skills, processing speed, motor dexterity, and verbal fluency were found to explain RSN performance. The studies indicate: (1) that RSN tasks vary in their properties according to the stimuli used and according to the way the tasks are arranged, and (2) that RSN tasks are multi-componented. 相似文献