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941.
The main formal structures of generalized quantum theory are summarized. Recent progress has sharpened some of the concepts,
in particular the notion of an observable, the action of an observable on states (putting more emphasis on the role of proposition
observables), and the concept of generalized entanglement. Furthermore, the active role of the observer in the structure of
observables and the partitioning of systems is emphasized. 相似文献
942.
Fernández J Quiroga MA del Olmo I Aróztegui J Martín A 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2011,14(2):899-911
This study was designed to develop a computerized test to assess gender roles. This test is presented as a decision-making task to mask its purpose. Each item displays a picture representing an activity and a brief sentence that describes it. Participants have to choose the most suitable sex to perform each activity: man or woman. The test (Gender Roles Test, GRT-36) consists of 36 items/activities. The program registers both the choices made and their response times (RTs). Responses are considered as stereotyped when the chosen sex fits stereotyped roles and non-stereotyped when the chosen sex does not fit stereotyped roles. Individual means (RTs) were computed for stereotyped and non-stereotyped responses, differentiating between domestic and work spheres. A "D" score, reflecting the strength of association between activities and sex, was calculated for each sphere and sex. The study incorporated 78 participants (69% women and 31% men) ranging from 19 to 59 years old. The results show that: (a) reading speed does not explain the variability in the RTs; (b) RTs show good internal consistency; (c) RTs are shorter for stereotyped than for neutral stimuli; (d) RTs are shorter for stereotyped than for non-stereotyped responses. Intended goals are supported by obtained results. Scores provided by the task facilitate both group and individual detailed analysis of gender role, differentiating the gender role assigned to men from that assigned to women, at the domestic and work spheres. Obtained data fall within the scope of the genderology and their implications are discussed. 相似文献
943.
Megías JL Romero-Sánchez M Durán M Moya M Bohner G 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2011,14(2):912-925
Two studies were conducted with college students to validate the Spanish-language version of the "Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression" scale (AMMSA) (Gerger, Kley, Bohner & Siebler, 2007). This scale assesses modern myths about sexual aggression in a subtle way. In Study 1, 305 students completed the Spanish AMMSA and other scales with related content. In Study 2, 263 participants completed the Spanish AMMSA and answered questions about a hypothetical sexual assault perpetrated by a young man against a female acquaintance. The Spanish AMMSA showed high internal consistency and adequate evidence of validity in both studies. Compared to traditional scales of rape myth acceptance, mean scores on the AMMSA were higher and their distributions more closely approximated normality. These findings suggest that the Spanish version of the AMMSA scale is a useful instrument to study the social perception of sexual aggression. 相似文献
944.
Abella V Panksepp J Manga D Bárcena C Iglesias JA 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2011,14(2):926-935
The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales have been designed to provide a personality assessment tool based on six distinct affective systems. The six neural systems involved were labeled PLAY, SEEK, CARE, FEAR, ANGER and SADNESS. Spirituality has been integrated into the questionnaire as a seventh dimension because, in opinion of Panksepp and his colleagues is one of the most interesting human emotion. The aim of the present paper was introduce the validation of the Spanish version of Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales and their first psychometric results in a sample of 411 college students. Participants completed the Spanish version of ANPS, just as a personality scale of five factors (NEO-FFI-R), and the Scales of Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS). The factor structure obtained and psychometric properties of the scales indicate that the Spanish version of the scales provides an effective tool to measure the seven dimensions of personality proposal in the original questionnaire. 相似文献
945.
García García J Ortega Campos E De la Fuente Sánchez L 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2011,14(2):1050-1055
In 1999, Wilkinson and the Task Force on Statistical Inference published "Statistical Methods and Psychology: Guidelines and Explanation." The authors made several recommendations about how to improve the quality of Psychology research papers. One of these was to report some effect-size index in the results of the research. In 2001, the fifth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association included this recommendation. In Spain, in 2003, scientific journals like Psicothema or the International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology (IJCHP) published editorials and papers expressing the need to calculate the effect size in the research papers. The aim of this study is to determine whether the papers published from 2003 to 2008 in the four Spanish journals indexed in the Journal Citation Reports have reported some effect-size index of their results. The findings indicate that, in general, the followup of the norm has been scanty, though the evolution over the analyzed period is different depending on the journal. 相似文献
946.
The need to study the positive aspects of body image led to the design of the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS). The aim of the present study was to develop a Spanish adaptation of the BAS for adolescents, testing its factor structure, construct validity and any differences between girls and boys. Participants were 312 adolescents aged between 12 and 20; there were 148 females and 164 males. The validation analysis of the BAS revealed a one-factor structure with adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .908) and construct validity (correlations with body mass index, influence of the body shape model, perceived stress, coping strategies, self-esteem and variables from the Eating Disorders Inventory-2), as well as significant differences between boys and girls (p < .01). The BAS is suitable for administration in a Spanish adolescent population as a way of analysing the positive aspects of body image. 相似文献
947.
This two-wave longitudinal study examines the ability of life satisfaction and adjustment strategies to predict anxious and
depressive symptoms in coronary heart disease male patients. Studies have shown that most heart attack survivors report these
symptoms, which may worsen the prognosis of the disease. At Time 1, immediately after the first cardiac episode, eighty-eight
men reported their life satisfaction levels, adjustment strategies used, and anxious and depressive symptoms experienced.
At Time 2, six months later, sixty-three of those patients reported only their anxious and depressive symptoms again. The
results showed that, after controlling for demographic variables, anxious and depressive symptoms at Time 1 were predicted
by positive adjustment and life satisfaction. At Time 2, after controlling for both demographic variables and Time 1-emotional
symptoms, none of the psychological variables predicted anxious symptoms, while depressive symptoms were only predicted by
life satisfaction. It is concluded that an adequate level of life satisfaction may help to decrease emotional distress, both
short and long term, while the use of positive adjustment strategies is especially important immediately after diagnosis. 相似文献
948.
Magdalena Bobowik Nekane Basabe Darío Páez Amaia Jiménez M. Ángeles Bilbao 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(3):401-419
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between personal values and well-being. Two correlational studies are
presented with the following random samples: (1) four native samples: two samples from the 2006 European Social Survey (Europe
n1 = 28,375, Spain n2 = 1,321) and two Basque samples (n3 = 1,770; n4 = 820); and (2) a sample of immigrants in the Basque Country (quasirandom) (n5 = 1,171). Age range of respondents was 18–60 years. The instruments used were for measuring: (1) personal values (Schwartz’s
PVQ-40 or PVQ-21), and (2) well-being (Bradburn’s PNA, Goldberg’s GHQ, and life satisfaction and perceived control items from
the World Value Survey). Partial correlation analysis was applied, with PVQ scale response bias controlled. The data supported
a positive association of hedonic and psychological well-being with openness to experience and individualist values, and a
negative association with power and conservation or collectivist values. Satisfaction with life partially mediated the relationship
between personal values and affect. The results support a universal association of healthy values with well-being. 相似文献
949.
Natalio Extremera Jose Martín Salguero Pablo Fernández-Berrocal 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(3):509-517
The primary aim of the current study was to replicate and extend previous findings by examining the relationship between trait
meta-mood and levels of subjective happiness in a 7-week follow-up study. Participants were 192 undergraduate students (155
females) who completed self-report measures of trait meta-mood and subjective happiness. After 7 weeks, 155 students completed
the subjective happiness scale again. Focusing first on cross-sectional analysis, meta-mood dimensions were found to be moderately
related to levels of subjective happiness. Next, along with initial levels of subjective happiness, we found that meta-mood
dimensions independently predicted prospective levels of subjective happiness over a 7-week follow-up. These findings provide
some preliminary evidence on the prospective value of meta-mood dimensions as relevant individual differences involved in
the maintenance of emotional well-being indicators. 相似文献
950.
There is accumulating evidence that a variety of species possess quantitative abilities although their cognitive substrate
is still unclear. This study is the first to investigate whether sea lions (Otaria flavescens), in the absence of training, are able to assess and select the larger of two sets of quantities. In Experiment 1, the two
sets of quantities were presented simultaneously as whole sets, that is, the subjects could compare them directly. In Experiment
2, the two sets of quantities were presented item-by-item, and the totality of items was never visually available at the time
of choice. For each type of presentation, we analysed the effect of the ratio between quantities, the difference between quantities
and the total number of items presented. The results showed that (1) sea lions can make relative quantity judgments successfully
and (2) there is a predominant influence of the ratio between quantities on the subjects’ performance. The latter supports
the idea that an analogue representational mechanism is responsible for sea lions’ relative quantities judgments. These findings
are consistent with previous reports of relative quantities judgments in other species such as monkeys and apes and suggest
that sea lions might share a similar mechanism to compare and represent quantities. 相似文献