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201.
Peter A. Wyman Wendi Cross C. Hendricks Brown Qin Yu Xin Tu Shirley Eberly 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):707-720
A model for teaching children skills to strengthen emotional self-regulation is introduced, informed by the developmental
concept of scaffolding. Adult modeling/instruction, role-play and in vivo coaching are tailored to children’s level of understanding
and skill to promote use of skills in reallife contexts. Two-hundred twenty-six kindergarten—3rd grade children identified
with elevated behavioral and social classroom problems from a population-based screening participated in a waitlisted randomized
trial of the Rochester Resilience Project derived from this model. In 14 lessons with school-based mentors, children were
taught a hierarchical set of skills: monitoring of emotions; selfcontrol/ reducing escalation of emotions; and maintaining
control and regaining equilibrium. Mentors provided classroom reinforcement of skill use. Multi-level modeling accounting
for the nesting of children in schools and classrooms showed the following effects at post-intervention: reduced problems
rated by teachers in behavior control, peer social skills, shy-withdrawn and off-task behaviors (ES 0.31–0.47). Peer social
skills improved for girls but not for boys. Children receiving the intervention had a 46% mean decrease in disciplinary referrals
and a 43% decrease in suspensions during the 4-month intervention period. Limitations and future directions to promote skill
transfer are discussed. 相似文献
202.
Robert W Motl Rod K Dishman Dianne S Ward Ruth P Saunders Marsha Dowda Gwen Felton Russell R Pate 《Health psychology》2002,21(5):459-467
Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate components within the theories of reasoned action (TRA), planned behavior (TPB), and self-efficacy (SET) for understanding moderate and vigorous physical activity among 1,797 Black and White adolescent girls. Modest to strong support was provided for components of TPB and SET; weak support was provided for components of TRA. Perceived behavioral control was related to vigorous physical activity. Self-efficacy was related to moderate and vigorous physical activity, and it accounted for the effect of intention on physical activity. The observed relationships were similar between Black and White girls. Self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control are independent influences on physical activity among Black and White adolescent girls and warrant study as potential mediators in physical activity interventions. 相似文献
203.
Sex Roles - Following the study of gender clustering in recall by S. L. Bem [(1981), “Gender Schema Theory: A Cognitive Account of Sex-Typing,” Psychological Review,Vol. 88, pp.... 相似文献
204.
Women's attraction to benevolent sexism: Needing relationship security predicts greater attraction to men who endorse benevolent sexism
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Benevolent sexism prescribes that men should cherish and protect women in intimate relationships. Despite the romantic tone of these attitudes, prior research indicates that benevolent sexism undermines women's competence, ambition, and independence. Ambivalent sexism theory proposes that benevolent sexism is able to incur these costs because the promise of a chivalrous and protective partner offers women security in their intimate relationships. We tested this key proposition by examining whether women who intensely need relationship security—women higher in attachment anxiety—are more attracted to men who endorse benevolent sexism. Highly anxious women (N = 632) rated men described as endorsing benevolent sexism as relatively more attractive, and reported greater preferences for partners to hold benevolently sexist attitudes. These results advance understanding regarding the underlying reasons women find benevolent sexism appealing and identify who will be most vulnerable to the potential costs of benevolent sexism. 相似文献
205.
Journal of Medical Humanities - The decline of empathy among health professional students, highlighted in the literature on health education, is a concern for medical educators. The evidence... 相似文献
206.
Gia Nardini Tracy Rank‐Christman Melissa G. Bublitz Samantha N. N. Cross Laura A. Peracchio 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2021,31(1):112-145
Social movements, such as Black Lives Matter, surge when support grows for their social justice goals. At their core, social movements advance when people act collectively by rising in solidarity with a shared purpose to address injustice and inequality. Drawing on insights from consumer psychology, this review investigates how social movements succeed in creating social change. We build on an established 21st‐century framework for how social movements succeed to outline the promising practices of successful social movements. For each of these practices, we identify the consumer psychology mechanisms that motivate collective action and encourage people to transform from bystanders to upstanders, those who provide the grassroots momentum for successful social movements. We illustrate this framework with examples from the growth of the Black Lives Matter movement. Finally, we highlight insights from consumer psychology that promote an understanding of social movements, and we raise research questions to encourage more consumer psychologists to investigate how social movements succeed. 相似文献
207.
208.
This critique is a response to an article by Morisse, Batra, Hess, Silverman, and Corrigan (1996), in which “a token economy for the real world” is promulgated as an alternative to the comprehensive social-learning program and assessment technology presented by Paul and Lentz (1977). The article misrepresents the treatment-and-assessment procedures that have been empirically validated as the most effective and cost-efficient for inpatient programs. The article also inappropriately cites the results of prior reports as support for an oversimplified approach to the development and implementation of inpatient programs. The promoted approach is in direct opposition to the widely recognized need for empirically validated interventions and evaluations in mental health services. Not only are data lacking to support assertions of effectiveness for the resulting program but illustrative examples demonstrate technically unsound procedures as well as an ethically questionable emphasis on staff desires to the exclusion of patient needs. We attempt to correct Morisse et al.'s inaccuracies and misconceptions regarding the work of Paul and colleagues, note the major problems with their perfunctory approach, and provide recommendations for implementation and maintenance of empirically validated procedures for inpatients. 相似文献
209.
Ceren Günsoy Susan E. Cross Ayse K. Uskul Berna Gercek-Swing 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(3):472-477
In honour cultures, such as Turkey, reputation management is emphasised, whereas in dignity cultures such as northern US, self-respect and personal achievements are central. Turkey is also a collectivistic culture, where relationship harmony is as important as reputation management. When Turkish people's reputation is threatened, they may experience an internal conflict between these two motives and display helplessness. The purpose of the present study was to examine how people from Turkey (an honour culture; n = 52) and northern US (a dignity culture; n = 48) would perceive and respond to reputation threats as opposed to self-respect threats. As predicted, Turkish participants anticipated stronger anger, shame, and helplessness in response to reputation threats than self-respect threats, whereas differences were smaller or non-existent in northern US. Moreover, shame was a mediator between appraisal and helplessness for reputation threats in Turkey (shame positively predicted helplessness); anger was a mediator between appraisal and helplessness for self-respect threats in northern US (anger negatively predicted helplessness). These results are novel in their inclusion of helplessness and appraisal theory of emotions when examining responses to threats in honour and dignity cultures. 相似文献
210.
Two recently developed questionnaire measures of aggression, the Aggression Questionnaire [Buss and Perry (1992; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63:452–459]; and the Aggression Inventory [Gladue (1991a); Psychological Reports 68:675–684], were administered to a British sample (N=320) of men and women undergraduates. Both questionnaires contain subscales measuring physical and verbal aggression; the other scales of the Aggression Questionnaire measure anger and hostility, and those of the Aggression Inventory measure impulsiveness and avoidance of aggression. The factor structure of scales were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. The interrelations of the subscales were calculated in both cases: anger was independently related to verbal and physical aggression and to hostility on the Aggression Questionnaire; impulsivity, and verbal and physical aggression were associated on the Aggression Inventory. Sex differences were largest on the two physical subscales, of lesser magnitude but still significantly different for the two verbal subscales, but absent for anger and hostility. This supports the hypothesis that sex differences in aggression are larger for more escalated forms of aggression. The physical and verbal subscales of the two questionnaires were each highly correlated with one another and the impulsive subscale of the Aggression Inventory highly correlated with the anger subscale of the Aggresion Questionnaire. Thus, two aggression questionnaires developed in the US not only produce similar associations between subscales and sex differences among a British undergraduate sample, but also show high correlations between their respective scales. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献