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421.
Katie P. Leonard L. Kay Bartholomew Paul R. Swank Guy S. Parcel 《Journal of genetic counseling》1995,4(2):97-113
We tested the efficacy of two types of educational materials for genetic counseling: a traditional information brochure and one adding a role model story. Brochures were alternated weekly at a prenatal genetics center. Subjects were asked to read the brochure and fill out a questionnaire covering demographics and variables from the health belief model (impact, barriers, motivation, susceptibility, knowledge, severity). A group of 409 pregnant women and 251 male partners participated. Study design was quasiexperimental, using a post-test only comparison group. The brochure with modeling enhanced the perception of both risk and the severity of the disease and was inversely associated with the assessment of barriers, but did not directly impact on the decision to pursue testing; only 12% chose to be tested, with no significant differences between groups. While suggestive, the study is not confirmatory and should be repeated with a more heterogenous group of women. 相似文献
422.
Timothy A. Slocum Ph.D. Elizabeth M. Street Ed.D. Guy Gilberts M.A. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1995,5(4):377-398
We review the conceptual and empirical literature on the relation between oral reading rate and reading comprehension. Three lines of conceptual analysis converge on this relation: (a) application of basic behavior analytic principles suggests that fluent decoding should produce better reading comprehension through direct and indirect relations, (b) behavior analytic understanding of the importance of the rate of behavior as developed by Skinner, Lindsley and Haughton implies that higher reading rate contributes to improved comprehension, and (c) cognitive theory of automaticity explicitly states that high rate reading sets the stage for effective comprehension. A wealth of correlational evidence indicates that reading rate and reading comprehension covary. These results have been replicated across elementary grades and across a variety of measures of reading comprehension. However, experimental analyses have not convincingly demonstrated a functional relation between the two. Experimental work has yielded results that are mixed at best. Examination of experimental design issues shows that although this is not a simple relation to investigate, behavior analysts can make major contributions to understanding the possible functional relation between reading rate and reading comprehension. 相似文献
423.
424.
The questions asked in the present experiments concern the generality of semantic and phonological priming effects: Do these effects arise automatically regardless of target task, or are these effects restricted to target tasks that specifically require the retrieval of the primed information? In Experiment 1, subjects produced faster color matching times on targets preceded by a masked rhyming prime than on targets preceded by an orthographic control or an unrelated prime. This result suggests that automatic priming effects on the basis of phonological similarity can be obtained even when the target task does not make use of phonological information. This claim was reinforced in Experiment 2 in which a rhyme priming effect and a semantic priming effect were found in a semantic categorization task. In Experiment 3, the target task was phonological (rhyme detection), and, again, both phonological and semantic priming effects were observed. Finally, in Experiments 4 and 5, in a replication and an extension of Experiment 1, phonological and semantic priming effects were found in a color matching task, a task involving neither phonological nor semantic processing. These results are most straightforwardly interpreted by assuming that both semantic and phonological priming effects are, at least in part, due to automatic activation of memorial representations. 相似文献
425.
Walter G. Stephan Oscar Ybarra Guy Bachman 《Journal of applied social psychology》1999,29(11):2221-2237
In the present study, 4 variables (realistic threats, symbolic threats, intergroup anxiety, and negative stereotypes) were used to predict prejudice toward immigrants from Cuba, Mexico, and Asia in samples of students from states in the United States that are affected by immigration from these areas (Florida, New Mexico, and Hawaii, respectively). All 4 variables were significant (or marginally significant) predictors of attitudes toward these immigrant groups. Evidence is presented that the predictor variables are conceptually and empirically distinct. However, these variables do appear to be tied together by an underlying theme: They all concern threats to the in-group or its members. Some of the implications of the results for intergroup relations are discussed. 相似文献
426.
L. Guy Mehl 《Journal of religion and health》1979,18(1):29-37
The nature of Protestant clergy work motivation has been unclear. Attempts at clarification by clinical, sociological, and theological investigators have not been generally accepted. This study hypothesized that positive clergy motivation is based upon a preference for anurturing orientation to life and upon satisfaction achieved inmythus-bearing work tasks. One hundred and five parish ministers of a United Church of Christ Conference in the Middle Atlantic states were given the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Work Task Rating Sheet. Responses were evaluated according to preferences for feeling and thinking orientations and according to satisfaction levels in the performance of work tasks. Although three of four specific hypotheses were not supported by statistically significant results, enough support was found fornurturing preference and satisfaction inmythus bearing to warrant further study of these concepts. 相似文献
427.
Bert Schreurs Eva Derous Karin Proost Guy Notelaers Karel De Witte 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2008,16(2):170-176
Research has suggested the importance of applicants' expectations of forthcoming selection procedures in predicting how applicants react to selection procedures. Validated measures of selection expectations are still scarce, however. This study reports on the validation of the Applicant Expectation Survey (AES), intended to measure applicants' expectations of forthcoming selection procedures. The AES was validated using three military applicant samples and showed sound psychometric properties (i.e., reliability, measurement invariance, discriminant validity) for a five‐factorial oblique structure consisting of 26 items. The five factors (i.e., Warmth/respect, Chance to demonstrate potential, Difficulty of faking, Unbiased assessment, Feedback) were positively related to several organizational outcome measures and to applicants' perceptions of the selection procedure, providing evidence for the predictive validity of the AES. 相似文献
428.
Guy Dove 《Cognition》2009,110(3):412-431
Recent evidence from cognitive neuroscience suggests that certain cognitive processes employ perceptual representations. Inspired by this evidence, a few researchers have proposed that cognition is inherently perceptual. They have developed an innovative theoretical approach that rests on the notion of perceptual simulation and marshaled several general arguments supporting the centrality of perceptual representations to concepts. In this article, I identify a number of weaknesses in these arguments and defend a multiple semantic code approach that posits both perceptual and non-perceptual representations. 相似文献
429.
Francis A. Sullivan says that the one Church of Christ continues to exist perfectly in the Catholic Church, and is present imperfectly in other churches and ecclesial communities. However, he thinks Lumen Gentium 8 also enables us to say that the many churches, non-Catholic and Catholic, are all in the one Church of Christ, since to say the one Church of Christ subsists in the Catholic Church means no more than "continues to exist in" the Catholic Church. In this way, he denies the identity of the one Church of Christ and the Catholic Church. We point out that magisterial documents since Vatican II have consistently refused this proposal, and have instead spoken only of the one Church being present or operative, according to degrees, in non-Catholic churches and communities. We argue that while it is true there is "ecclesial reality" outside the Catholic Church, in that there are elements of truth and sanctification outside of her, the one Church of Christ of which Vatican II expressly speaks is the Church with all the gifts of unity and instruments for salvation with which Christ endowed it. The Catholic Church is not contained in any larger divinely willed and dominically instituted ecclesial reality, and it is without qualification the one Church of Christ and the one Church of Christ is without qualification the Catholic Church. 相似文献
430.
Guy Kahane 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(2):193-214
Although most people believe that it is morally wrong to intentionally create children who have an impairment, it is widely
held that we cannot criticize such procreative choices unless we find a solution to Parfit’s non-identity problem. I argue
that we can. Jonathan Glover has recently argued that, in certain circumstances, such choices would be self-defeating even
if morally permissible. I argue that although the scope of Glover’s argument is too limited, it nevertheless directs attention
to a moral defect in the attitudes that could motivate such procreative choices, attitudes that, properly characterized, turn
out to be person-affecting in character. I conclude by arguing that prospective parents who want to create a child with an
impairment face a dilemma. If they want to avoid the charge that their aim is morally defective, they must deny that the desired
impairment is harmful. But this would commit them to endorsing the controversial claim that it is morally permissible or even
required to turn normal children into impaired ones.
相似文献
Guy KahaneEmail: |