Judy Roth  Salwa Duaibis 《International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies》2015,12(1):5-20

Palestinian mothers living in the friction points in East Jerusalem and the West Bank provide critical windows into the traumas that challenge families ensnarled in the vortex of ongoing political violence and living under occupation. Our paper, using interviews of Palestinian mothers, is a view of the abnormal – the violence that infects childhood and parenting, the fight of some mothers for a “real normal”, and the induction into the “new normal”, in which the night‐time incursions, the mapping of communities, the detention of their adolescent sons, the solitary confinements of some, are “accepted” as a rite of passage. Managing terror and its anticipation exhausts and corrodes family functioning and community life. Mothers become inducted into a traumatic vortex, as they struggle to contain the anguish, multiple losses, and the outrage over the dispossession of longings and claims. Our own inescapable countransference, a simultaneous compulsion to understand coupled with an aversion to engage, provided vital information about the stench of violence that permeates these mothers' lives and the terror of losing not only children but one's mind, as well. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Adinda Dujardin  Guy Bosmans  Caroline Braet  Lien Goossens 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2014,55(4):296-302

Understanding the cognitive processing of attachment‐relevant information has become a major focus of attachment research. Previous research demonstrated links between attachment and memory for attachment‐related information, but results were contradictory and did not control for mood‐effects. The current study aimed to provide a conceptual framework to capture inconsistencies. A straightforward memory bias hypothesis was derived and tested. Fifty children (aged 10–12) completed questionnaires assessing confidence in maternal support and depressive symptoms, and a memory task in which they recalled positive and negative words that referred to previous interactions with mother. Less confidence in maternal support and more depressive symptoms were linked to a more negative mother‐related memory bias. The effect of confidence in maternal support remained marginally significant when controlling for depressive symptoms, explaining the initial effect of depressive symptoms. These findings support attachment theory's hypothesis that attachment‐relevant information is processed in an attachment expectation‐congruent way.  相似文献   

What Quality Is Actually Assessed Within Written Records?     

Bert Molewijk  Guy Widdershoven  Jochen Vollmann  Jan Schildmann 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2016,16(3):48-50

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Guy Widdershoven  Suzanne Metselaar  Bert Molewijk 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2016,16(9):34-36

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Flix Mathieu  Guy Laforest 《Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism》2016,16(3):378-400

This article proposes a critical analysis of the historical and ideological process that has led to the recently‐defunct Parti québécois' (PQ) Charte de la laïcité. It shows that this legislative project, as an attempt to renew Québec's nationalism, amplified the struggles and tensions that characterize the normative source of the national nexus. More specifically, this article reveals that two carrier groups – the liberal‐pluralists, on the one hand, and the republican‐conservatives, on the other – have actively fought to get access to that normative source, trying ultimately to spread their national nexus's representations as the legitimate ones. Hence, the former group suggests an individualist‐civic view for Québec's nationalism that embraces immigrant groups, Anglo‐Québécois's minority, native peoples, and the francophone majority, while the latter suggests a collectivist‐civic view for it anchoring into French‐Canadian nationalism. Therefore, two distinct integration models are confronted, where liberal‐pluralists fought against PQ's Charter of Secularism continuing to sustain interculturalism and where republican‐conservatives nevertheless support PQ's Charter.  相似文献   

    

Emily Hayden  Elfrieda H. Hiebert  Guy Trainin 《Reading Psychology》2013,34(8):731-767

This study examined how comprehension-based silent reading rate (CBSRR) is affected by grade, genre, and text position. Second and fourth graders read 2 grade-specific passages (one narrative, one informational) in 4 sections, each followed by 4 comprehension questions. Analyses of rate with a criterion level of comprehension showed higher performances on informational than narrative texts and better performances as students moved through sections of a text. Percentages of students attaining CBSRR decreased across the four sections of both genres and at both grade levels. Implications of findings are discussed and question are raised about text complexity and silent reading patterns.  相似文献   

    

Bart Johan Thoolen  Denise de Ridder  Jozien Bensing  Kees Gorter  Guy Rutten 《Psychology & health》2013,28(3):237-254

This study examines the effectiveness of a brief self-management intervention to support patients recently diagnosed with type-2 diabetes to achieve sustained improvements in their self-care behaviours. Based on proactive coping, the intervention emphasizes the crucial role of anticipation and planning in maintaining self-care behaviours. In a randomised controlled trial among recent screen-detected patients, participants who received the intervention were compared with usual-care controls, examining changes in proximal outcomes (intentions, self-efficacy and proactive coping), self-care behaviour (diet, physical activity and medication) and weight over time (0, 3 and 12 months). Subsequently, the contribution of proactive coping in predicting maintenance of behavioural change was analysed using stepwise hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for baseline self-care behaviour, patient characteristics, and intentions and self-efficacy as measured after the course. The intervention was effective in improving proximal outcomes and behaviour with regard to diet and physical activity, resulting in significant weight loss at 12 months. Furthermore, proactive coping was a better predictor of long-term self-management than either intentions or self-efficacy. Proactive coping thus offers new insights into behavioural maintenance theory and can be used to develop effective self-management interventions.  相似文献   

    

Morten Birkeland Nielsen  Brita Bjørkelo  Guy Notelaers  Ståle Einarsen 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(3):252-274

This study investigates gender differences in prevalence and effects of sexual harassment using three different estimation methods. In a representative sample of 2,349 Norwegian employees, 1.1% self-labeled as targets of sexual harassment, whereas 18.4% reported exposure to sexually harassing behaviors during the last six months. When employing latent class cluster analysis as a method for estimating prevalence of sexual harassment, 2.2% could be classified as targets of frequent harassment and 19.1% could be classified as targets of unwanted sexual attention. Although more women than men self-labeled as targets of sexual harassment, men reported the same number of sexually harassing behaviors as women. Sexual harassment was found to be significantly related to mental health problems and low job satisfaction among men and women.  相似文献   

    

Guy Politzer  Hugo Mercier 《Thinking & reasoning》2013,19(4):434-454

We elaborate on the approach to syllogistic reasoning based on “case identification” (Stenning & Oberlander, 1995 Stenning, K. and Oberlander, J. 1995. A cognitive theory of graphical and linguistic reasoning: Logic and implementation. Cognitive Science, 19: 97–140. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Stenning & Yule, 1997 Stenning, K. and Yule, P. 1997. Image and language in human reasoning: A syllogistic illustration. Cognitive Psychology, 34: 109–159. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). It is shown that this can be viewed as the formalisation of a method of proof that dates back to Aristotle, namely proof by exposition (ecthesis), and that there are traces of this method in the strategies described by a number of psychologists, from Störring (1908 Störring, G. 1908. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über einfache Schlussprozesse [Experimental research on simple inferential processes]. Archiv für die Gesamte Psychologie, 11: 1–127.  [Google Scholar]) to the present day. We hypothesised that by rendering individual cases explicit in the premises, the chance that reasoners would engage in a proof by exposition would be enhanced, and thus performance improved. To do so, we used syllogisms with singular premises (e.g., this X is Y). This resulted in a uniform increase in performance as compared to performance on the associated standard syllogisms. These results cannot be explained by the main theories of syllogistic reasoning in their current state.  相似文献   

    

Wolff‐Michael Roth  Alfredo Jornet 《Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science》2013,4(5):463-478

Following the cognitive revolution, when knowing and learning have come to be theorized in terms of representations stored and processed in the mind, empirical and theoretical developments in very different scholarly disciplines have led to the emergence of the situated cognition hypothesis, which consists of a set of interlocking theses: cognition is embodied, fundamentally social, distributed, enacted, and often works without representations. We trace the historical origins of this hypothesis and discuss the evidential support this hypothesis receives from empirical and modeling studies. We distinguish the question of where cognition is located from the question of what cognition is, because the confounding of the two questions leads to misunderstandings in the sometimes‐ardent debates concerning the situated cognition hypothesis. We conclude with recommendations for interdisciplinary approaches to the nature of cognition. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:463–478. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1242 This article is categorized under:

• Psychology > Theory and Methods

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