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411.
Presurgery distress and specific response expectancies predict postsurgery outcomes in surgery patients confronting breast cancer. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Prior to scheduled surgery, patients frequently experience particularly high levels of distress and expect a variety of postsurgery symptoms. Surgery patients who confront breast cancer are no exception. It has been suggested that such presurgery distress and response expectancies are predictive of postsurgery outcomes. To test the contribution of presurgery distress and expectancies to common postsurgery symptom outcomes (pain, nausea, fatigue, and discomfort), 63 female patients undergoing breast cancer surgery were recruited to a prospective study. Results indicated that presurgery distress uniquely contributed to patients' postsurgery nausea, fatigue, and discomfort; specific expectancies uniquely contributed to pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, and fatigue (ps < .05). Consistent with expectancy theory, associations between response expectancies and postsurgery outcomes were not due to presurgery distress. 相似文献
412.
413.
This article presents the current state of a work in progress, whose objective is to better understand the effects of factors
that significantly influence the performance of latent semantic analysis (LSA). A difficult task, which consisted of answering
(French) biology multiple choice questions, was used to test the semantic properties of the truncated singular space and to
study the relative influence of the main parameters. A dedicated software was designed to fine-tune the LSA semantic space
for the multiple choice questions task. With optimal parameters, the performances of our simple model were quite surprisingly
equal or superior to those of seventh- and eighthgrade students. This indicates that semantic spaces were quite good despite
their low dimensions and the small sizes of the training data sets. In addition, we present an original entropy global weighting
of the answers’ terms for each of the multiple choice questions, which was necessary to achieve the model’s success. 相似文献
414.
Guy Julier 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2009,22(4):217-225
The period of the United Kingdom's Labour government, 1997–2010, saw two strident policy vectors. One was in the promotion
of the creative industries as a lever for urban regeneration and national renewal in the face of the decline of its manufacturing
base and the globalisation of its economy. The second was in the increased emphasis on financialisation to underpin both corporate
and public sectors. Both of these were, in fact, intensifications of former Conservative policies developed through the early
1990s. This paper reviews some changes in the UK government policy on design, principally through its Design Council, as a
function of the political economy during this period. It draws attention to important shifts in the professional practice
of design and governmental promotion and use thereof—especially of service design and “design thinking”—that suggest a new
attitudinal approach as to its role. It then places these shifts next to changes in public sector management and thinking.
In particular, we see how certain conceptions and practices of design become embedded in its signalling of value in potentia
rather than in putting value into things. 相似文献
415.
Nele De Cuyper Guy Notelaers Hans De Witte 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2009,82(1):67-88
The present two‐wave study investigates how transitioning between temporary and permanent employment relates to a number of psychological consequences; namely, work engagement, affective organizational commitment, life satisfaction, and turnover intention. We hypothesize that temporary employment associates with unfavourable outcomes when it is a trap (entrapment hypothesis), while no such unfavourable outcomes are expected for those who transition to permanent employment (stepping stone hypothesis). Furthermore, we investigate the assumption that transitioning from permanent to temporary employment relates to unfavourable outcomes. Finally, we investigate dynamics related to selection into temporary or permanent employment. Hypotheses are tested on a sample of 1,475 workers. The results show that continuous temporary employment does not relate to unfavourable outcomes over time, while gaining permanent employment associates with increased work engagement. Also, permanent workers who transition to temporary employment are more engaged and committed after transitioning. No evidence for possible selection mechanisms is found. 相似文献
416.
Guy Kahane 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(2):193-214
Although most people believe that it is morally wrong to intentionally create children who have an impairment, it is widely
held that we cannot criticize such procreative choices unless we find a solution to Parfit’s non-identity problem. I argue
that we can. Jonathan Glover has recently argued that, in certain circumstances, such choices would be self-defeating even
if morally permissible. I argue that although the scope of Glover’s argument is too limited, it nevertheless directs attention
to a moral defect in the attitudes that could motivate such procreative choices, attitudes that, properly characterized, turn
out to be person-affecting in character. I conclude by arguing that prospective parents who want to create a child with an
impairment face a dilemma. If they want to avoid the charge that their aim is morally defective, they must deny that the desired
impairment is harmful. But this would commit them to endorsing the controversial claim that it is morally permissible or even
required to turn normal children into impaired ones.
相似文献
Guy KahaneEmail: |
417.
Francis A. Sullivan says that the one Church of Christ continues to exist perfectly in the Catholic Church, and is present imperfectly in other churches and ecclesial communities. However, he thinks Lumen Gentium 8 also enables us to say that the many churches, non-Catholic and Catholic, are all in the one Church of Christ, since to say the one Church of Christ subsists in the Catholic Church means no more than "continues to exist in" the Catholic Church. In this way, he denies the identity of the one Church of Christ and the Catholic Church. We point out that magisterial documents since Vatican II have consistently refused this proposal, and have instead spoken only of the one Church being present or operative, according to degrees, in non-Catholic churches and communities. We argue that while it is true there is "ecclesial reality" outside the Catholic Church, in that there are elements of truth and sanctification outside of her, the one Church of Christ of which Vatican II expressly speaks is the Church with all the gifts of unity and instruments for salvation with which Christ endowed it. The Catholic Church is not contained in any larger divinely willed and dominically instituted ecclesial reality, and it is without qualification the one Church of Christ and the one Church of Christ is without qualification the Catholic Church. 相似文献
418.
Guy Dove 《Cognition》2009,110(3):412-431
Recent evidence from cognitive neuroscience suggests that certain cognitive processes employ perceptual representations. Inspired by this evidence, a few researchers have proposed that cognition is inherently perceptual. They have developed an innovative theoretical approach that rests on the notion of perceptual simulation and marshaled several general arguments supporting the centrality of perceptual representations to concepts. In this article, I identify a number of weaknesses in these arguments and defend a multiple semantic code approach that posits both perceptual and non-perceptual representations. 相似文献
419.
Dutilh Gilles Annis Jeffrey Brown Scott D. Cassey Peter Evans Nathan J. Grasman Raoul P. P. P. Hawkins Guy E. Heathcote Andrew Holmes William R. Krypotos Angelos-Miltiadis Kupitz Colin N. Leite Fábio P. Lerche Veronika Lin Yi-Shin Logan Gordon D. Palmeri Thomas J. Starns Jeffrey J. Trueblood Jennifer S. van Maanen Leendert van Ravenzwaaij Don Vandekerckhove Joachim Visser Ingmar Voss Andreas White Corey N. Wiecki Thomas V. Rieskamp Jörg Donkin Chris 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2019,26(4):1051-1069
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Most data analyses rely on models. To complement statistical models, psychologists have developed cognitive models, which translate observed variables into... 相似文献
420.
This study tested the hypothesis that overt rehearsal is sufficient to explain enhanced memory associated with emotion by experimentally manipulating rehearsal of emotional material. Participants viewed two sets of film clips, one set of emotional films and one set of relatively neutral films. One set of films was viewed in each of two sessions, with approximately 1 week between the sessions. Participants were given a free recall test of all of films viewed approximately 1 week after the second session. Rehearsal was manipulated by instructing one group of participants not to discuss the films with anyone (no talk group) and instructing a second group to discuss both sets of films with at least three people (forced talk group). A third group consisted of participants instructed not to discuss the films with anyone, but who did not comply with these instructions (talkers group). All groups recalled significantly more of the emotional films than the neutral films. Furthermore, the relative number of emotional and neutral films recalled did not differ significantly among the three groups. The results indicate that overt rehearsal is insufficient to explain the enhancing effects of emotion on memory. 相似文献