A freehand method for drawing stereoscopic pictures

A method for the freehand drawing of anaglyphs is described. Usually textbooks cover the topic of stereopsis in an abstract way, making it difficult for students to grasp. The present method enables students to draw anaglyphs by hand and should make the concept of binocular disparity more easily learned.     

Ethnic identity and preferences among Asian immigrant children in Glasgow: A replicated study

The aim of first study, carried out by an English investigator, was to assess the extent to which Asian immigrant children had moved away from the values of their culture of origin. For this purpose some novel techniques were employed, including an identikit task and one focusing on Scottish versus Asian names. The outcome suggested that the children had been very powerfully influenced by the values of the host community. Since it was suspected that these results might have been in part a function of the ethnic membership of the investigator and/or the specific methods employed, the study was repeated on a comparable sample with an Indian psychologist and using modified test materials. The results of the second study remained unchanged as far as factual aspects were concerned; however, preferences expressed changed significantly in the direction of Asian cultural values. The theoretical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed, and it is argued that studies of this type are likely to have an inherent element of uncertainty which calls for caution in making generalizations.     

Operating characteristics and a priori probability of the signal

Two experiments in auditory signal detection produced changes in the operating characteristic as the a priori probability of signal occurrence, p(SN), was varied. The signal was a sinusoid of 1,000 Hz presented for 250 msec against a continuous background of noise. In Experiment 1 three values of p(SN)—0.25, 0.50, and 0.75—were paired with each of three signal intensities. In Experiment 2 the signal intensity was fixed and p(SN) was assigned values of 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 0.90. On normal-normal coordinates, operating characteristics were fitted to the points obtained from the 4-point rating scale used by the listeners. Such operating characteristics may be specified by two parameters: d_s, an index of detectability related to d’, and m, its slope. While ds was found to be independent ofp(SN), m was found to be a joint function of p(SN) and signal intensity. These results are discussed against the background of the theory of signal detectability.     

LSD response in Eysenckian trait types identified by polypredictive CFA

The four personality type combinations derived from high and low extraversion () and high and low neuroticism () have been related to response patterns composed of three symptoms (affective disturbances, thinking disturbances, and blackouts) scored as present (+) or absent (−) after a single oral dose of the hallucinogenic drug LSD-25. Hypotheses for expected response patterns for each personality group were derived from a data set obtained by Kohnen and Lienert (1987). Significance of associations was tested by two strategies of polyprediction configural frequency analysis (CFA): multiple uniprediction and biprediction CFA. Both strategies yielded a significant hyperpresentation of all three symptoms present in E+N+ (hysterics), merely thinking disorders in dysthymics (E−N+), merely affective symptoms in E+N− (stable extraverts), and merely blackouts in N−E− (stable introverts). Authors tried to relate these symptoms to Kretschmer's temperament types and could afterwards show by a chessboard modification of prediction CFA, that by applying two combined hypotheses for two personality types each, the significance of the predicted associations could be increased.     

Assessing explanatory style: the content analysis of verbatim explanations and the Attributional Style Questionnaire

We compare two methods of assessing explanatory style--the content analysis of verbatim explanations (CAVE) and the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). The CAVE technique is a method that allows the researcher to analyze any naturally occurring verbatim materials for explanatory style. This technique permits the measurement of various populations that are unwilling or unable to take the ASQ. We administered the ASQ and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to 169 undergraduates and content analyzed the written causes on the ASQ for explanatory style by the CAVE technique. The CAVE technique correlated 0.71 with the ASQ (P less than 0.0001, n = 159) and -0.36 with BDI (P less than 0.0001, n = 159). The ASQ correlated -0.51 with the BDI (P less than 0.0001, n = 160). Both the CAVE technique and the ASQ seem to be valid devices for assessing explanatory style.