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91.
Theoretical and computational analysis of skill learning, repetition priming, and procedural memory 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
This article analyzes the relationship between skill learning and repetition priming, 2 implicit memory phenomena. A number of reports have suggested that skill learning and repetition priming can be dissociated from each other and are therefore based on different mechanisms. The authors present a theoretical analysis showing that previous results cannot be regarded as evidence of a processing dissociation between skill learning and repetition priming. The authors also present a single-mechanism computational model that simulates a specific experimental task and exhibits both skill learning and repetition priming, as well as a number of apparent dissociations between these measures. These theoretical and computational analyses provide complementary evidence that skill learning and repetition priming are aspects of a single underlying mechanism that has the characteristics of procedural memory. 相似文献
92.
Cognitive scientists have long used distributional semantic representations of categories. The predominant approach uses distributional representations of category-denoting nouns, such as “city” for the category city. We propose a novel scheme that represents categories as prototypes over representations of names of its members, such as “Barcelona,” “Mumbai,” and “Wuhan” for the category city. This name-based representation empirically outperforms the noun-based representation on two experiments (modeling human judgments of category relatedness and predicting category membership) with particular improvements for ambiguous nouns. We discuss the model complexity of both classes of models and argue that the name-based model has superior explanatory potential with regard to concept acquisition. 相似文献
93.
Texture development during cross rolling of a dual-phase Fe–Cr–Ni alloy: experiments and simulations
Texture development during multi-step cross rolling of a dual-phase Fe–Cr–Ni alloy has been investigated. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate changes in crystallographic texture of both the constituent phases (austenite and ferrite) through changes in orientation distribution function. After deformation, rotated brass (rotated along φ1, i.e. the sample normal direction ND), along with a weak cube texture was observed in austenite, while a strong rotated cube texture was obtained in ferrite. Texture was also simulated for various strains using a co-deformation model by self-consistent visco-plastic (VPSC) formulation. Simulations showed strong rotated brass texture in austenite and a strongly rotated cube, α-fibre (sample rolling direction RD //<1 1 0>) and γ-fibre (ND //<1 1 1>) in ferrite after highest strain (εt = 1.6). VPSC models could not effectively capture the change in crystallographic texture during cross rolling. In ferrite, simulations showed an overestimation of γ-fibre component and an underestimation of rotated cube component. Simulated texture of austenite, on the other hand, showed an overestimation of rotated brass with an absence of cube component. The results are rationalised based on the possible role of shear banding and activation of non-octahedral slip system during cross rolling, both of which are not incorporated in conventional VPSC models. 相似文献
94.
This work introduces a methodology to find solutions corresponding to different purposes in a multiple attribute decision‐making problem under fuzzy environment. The discernment of purpose‐based solutions becomes important when the problem is defined vaguely and solution is targeted to heterogeneous population. Depending on the purpose, for which the solution is sought, the attributes are identified and weighted in an appropriate proportion. The level of similarity between a pair of attributes plays an important role to determine the aggregated value of attributes specific to a purpose. Our work determines the similarity levels between a pair of attributes by calculating their maximum attainability in presence of each other. The achievement of an attribute in presence of another is represented as a fuzzy set in the unit interval. The crisp equivalents of the fuzzy sets in the unit interval are used to define their simultaneous satisfaction denoted as 1‐step relation. The 1‐step relation is extended to (m‐1)‐step relation to calculate the degree of attainability of the same pair of attributes in the presence of m (all) attributes. The different levels of (m‐1)‐step relations generate several partitions of the attributes corresponding to multiple purposes in the multiple attribute decision‐making problems. The degree of fulfilment of the purposes in the alternatives are numerically derived by first taking weighted average of attributes within the equivalence classes of a partition and then aggregating the values corresponding to equivalence classes through ordered weighted averaging. The methodology is illustrated with a numerical example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
95.
Timothy J. Vickery Su Hyoun Park Jayesh Gupta Marian E. Berryhill 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2018,25(5):1847-1854
Visual statistical learning (VSL), the unsupervised learning of statistical contingencies across time and space, may play a key role in efficient and predictive encoding of the perceptual world. How VSL capabilities vary as a function of ongoing task demands is still poorly understood. VSL is modulated by selective attention and faces interference from some secondary tasks, but there is little evidence that the types of contingencies learned in VSL are sensitive to task demands. We found a powerful effect of task on what is learned in VSL. Participants first completed a visual familiarization task requiring judgments of face gender (female/male) or scene location (interior/exterior). Statistical regularities were embedded between stimulus pairs. During a surprise recognition phase, participants showed less recognition for pairs that had required a change in response key (e.g., female followed by male) or task (e.g., female followed by indoor) during familiarization. When familiarization required detection of “flicker” or “jiggle” events unrelated to image content, there was weaker, but uniform, VSL across pair types. These results suggest that simple task manipulations play a strong role in modulating the distribution of learning over different pair combinations. Such variations may arise from task and response conflict or because the manner in which images are processed is altered. 相似文献
96.
Alarge number of studies have demonstrated that participants could be led to report suggested events that were never witnessed (Loftus & Palmer, 1974 ). The present study attempts to explore the quality of such suggested memories. Thirty‐six participants were exposed to a live event of brief duration (20 s). They were then misled about certain aspects of the event. Memory was assessed using a forced‐choice recognition test. The participants were also required to give remember/know/guess responses, together with confidence ratings, and also to indicate how they came to remember the item. Thirty‐six per cent of the suggested memories were “know” responses, while 43% were “remember” responses. Moreover, whenever the participants had a remember experience they always recalled a wealth of visual information. With regards to the confidence level of the suggested memories, it was observed that the suggested memories were as confidently held as accurate memories. The results indicate that suggestions may become integrated with other kinds of information and that these falsely remembered memories are often accompanied with varied kinds of information; predominant among them seems to be visual imagery and past associations. For accurate memories, too, visual imagery was recalled the most, followed by other kinds of information (e.g., past associations, emotional, auditory, and inferential). The study points to the difficulties of differentiating between true recollections of actual events and false recollections of events that did not occur. 相似文献
97.
Gupta M 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2007,28(2):103-120
Evidence-based psychiatry (EBP) has arisen through the application of evidence-based medicine (EBM) to psychiatry. However,
there may be aspects of psychiatric disorders and treatments that do not conform well to the assumptions of EBM. This paper
reviews the ongoing debate about evidence-based psychiatry and investigates the applicability, to psychiatry, of two basic
methodological features of EBM: prognostic homogeneity of clinical trial groups and quantification of trial outcomes. This
paper argues that EBM may not be the best way to pursue psychiatric knowledge given the particular features of psychiatric
disorders and their treatments. As a result, psychiatry may have to develop its own standards for rigour and validity. This
paper concludes that EBM has had a powerful influence on how psychiatry investigates and understands mental disorders. Psychiatry
could influence EBM in return, reshaping it in ways that are more clinically useful and congruent with patients’ needs. 相似文献
98.
99.
Shizhen Bai Hao He Chunjia Han Mu Yang Dingyao Yu Xinrui Bi Brij B. Gupta Weijia Fan Prabin Kumar Panigrahi 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2024,23(1):90-106
This study aims to explore thematic influences on theme park visitors' satisfaction through user-generated data. To this end, we first used an unsupervised machine learning method, structural topic modeling, and analyzed 112,000 reviews post by visitors to Shanghai Disney Resort from June 16, 2016 to March 4, 2022. Our findings are of great significance for reflecting consumer behavior through user-generated data. Specifically, we find that visitors' satisfaction is highly related to service in the theme park and their playing feeling, and early tourists pay more attention to the experience of specific playing items while later tourists focus on the overall playing experience. In addition, an empirical study is conducted by treating the ratings associated with each review as dependent variable and each topic represented by comments as independent variables, which shows that the relationship between the customer reviews and ratings by tourists becomes less pronounced over time. In other words, as time goes, customers review can reflect their subjective feelings or experience, but the rating is not. We discover the “dynamics” of user-generated data over time and gain a better understanding of the aspects and concerns of visitors' satisfaction over time. The findings of the study contribute to the literature on tourism, service, and consumer behavior while also providing valuable practical implications. 相似文献
100.
Dr. Tanveer Kajla Dr. Sahil Raj Dr. Pooja Kansra Dr. S. L. Gupta Dr. Nripendra Singh 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2024,23(2):959-975
Neuromarketing is the field of studying neural signals to comprehend consumer behavior, which can help improve marketing strategies. In the recent past, scholars have conducted research to enhance the conceptual understanding of neuromarketing by applying bibliometric analysis. However, most studies either had a myopic view or considered a few articles. As a result, existing literature fails to provide a nuanced understanding of neuromarketing. The present research addresses this lacuna using a bibliometric analysis of 383 research articles across different domains from the Scopus database. The research covers the most influential authors, articles, top journals, most prominent countries, and institutions in the neuromarketing field. Next, keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals major themes such as decision-making in consumers, marketing and consumer behavior, advertisement, non-invasive techniques in advertisement effectiveness, ERP and brand extension, brand and fMRI. Finally, analyzing the six thematic areas gives valuable insights into the current research. The study also provides research areas for future researchers by identifying the gaps in the present thematic areas. 相似文献