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671.
清华简《心是谓中》"断命在天"章对天命、鬼神干预人事的认可,与战国楚地盛行的"信鬼好祠"之风具有密切关联。基于对这种风气积弊日深的深刻认识,简文作者采取了一种权宜之策,即通过吸取并改造儒家的命论,一方面承认"天""鬼"对人的客观限制,另一方面又凸显"心""身"的主观能动性,强调在"保家""没身"等活动中要注重个体内在的道德自律,尽力发挥自身的主观努力。 相似文献
672.
Ying Cui Qi Guo Jacqueline P. Leighton Man-Wai Chu 《International Journal of Testing》2020,20(1):78-96
This study explores the use of the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), a neuro-fuzzy approach, to analyze the log data of technology-based assessments to extract relevant features of student problem-solving processes, and develop and refine a set of fuzzy logic rules that could be used to interpret student performance. The log data that record student response processes while solving a science simulation task were analyzed with ANFIS. Results indicate the ANFIS analysis could generate and refine a set of fuzzy rules that shed lights on the process of how students solve the simulation task. We conclude the article by discussing the advantages of combining human judgments with the learning capacity of ANFIS for log data analysis and outlining the limitations of the current study and areas of future research. 相似文献
673.
亚里士多德的伦理学和政治学有着共同的出发点:人应选取最好的生活(或幸福),至于如何实现最好的生活,亚氏在伦理学和政治学中着重从德性阐释和理想政体的建构两个不同的方面给出解答。这两个不同方面的解答其实包含了同一种"好人"的两种景象。在伦理学中,"好人"是以理想的道德人身份出场的,但在政治学中,"好人"是以理想城邦的统治者(或立法者)身份出场的。尽管亚里士多德并没有给好人下一个明确的定义,但通过文本分析我们可推知好人需要满足"知""情""意"和"品质"四个条件,或者以"明智"德性作为充分必要条件。伦理学中"好人"的景象,为在政治学中"好人"作为理想政体的立法者或政治家的出场做了铺垫。 相似文献
674.
675.
古琴,一个从千年文明中走出来的乐器,中国传统音乐的典型代表,在文化的传播与交流中承载着特殊的意义。尤其以中日文化交流为典范、《东皋琴谱》为载体,将中国古琴文化传播至今。笔者最近在整理中央音乐学院图书馆藏古琴资料的过程中发现四个版本的《东皋琴谱》,现就此做一介绍与探究。 相似文献
676.
Seminal work by Knobe, Prasada, and Newman (2013) distinguished a set of concepts, which they named “dual-character concepts.” Unlike traditional concepts, they require two distinct criteria for determining category membership. For example, the prototypical dual-character concept “artist” has both a concrete dimension of artistic skills, and an abstract dimension of aesthetic sensibility and values. Therefore, someone can be a good artist on the concrete dimension but not truly an artist on the abstract dimension. Does this analysis capture people's understanding of cornerstone social categories, such as gender, around which society and everyday life have traditionally been organized? Gender, too, may be conceived as having not only a concrete dimension but also a distinct dimension of abstract norms and values. As with dual-character concepts, violations of abstract norms and values may result in someone being judged as not truly a man/woman. Here, we provide the first empirical assessment of applying the dual-character framework to people's conception of gender. We found that, on some measures that primarily relied on metalinguistic cues, gender concepts did indeed resemble dual-character concepts. However, on other measures that depicted transgressions of traditional gender norms, neither “man” nor “woman” appeared dual-character-like, in that participants did not disqualify people from being truly a man or truly a woman. In a series of follow-up studies, we examined whether moral norms have come to replace gender role norms for the abstract dimension. Implications for the evolution of concepts and categories are explored. 相似文献
677.
678.
Peng Sun Hui Li Zhen Liu Minzhi Ren Qingke Guo Yu Kou 《Journal of applied social psychology》2021,51(5):502-512
Many studies on power and its influence on pro-social behavior have been conducted with Western samples. Little is known about whether the relevant research findings can be extended to other cultural settings. This study investigates the relationship between sense of power and self-reported helping behavior in Chinese culture. Using a sample of 388 undergraduate students, this study examines a moderated mediation model in which moral identity serves as a moderator and perspective taking serves as a mediator. The results show that sense of power is negatively associated with helping behavior, and this association is mediated by perspective taking. That is, sense of power exerts a negative effect on perspective taking, thereby decreasing people's tendency to help others. In addition, moral identity moderates the direct and indirect effect from sense of power to helping behavior. Specifically, when moral identity is low, sense of power exerts negative effects on perspective taking and helping behavior, but these effects become non-significant when moral identity is high. This study sheds new light on the understanding of sense of power by examining its profound role in influencing pro-social engagement in Eastern cultures. Our findings suggest that powerful people with lower levels of moral identity may be less willing to consider others' thoughts and feelings, and act less helping behavior. While high moral identity may buffer the negative effect of sense of power and enable powerful people to better play a role in promoting social harmony. 相似文献
679.
Qian Sun Yuqi Xiong Shaoyang Guo Xiuxin Wang Yongfang Liu 《International journal of psychology》2021,56(2):266-275
Cooperation is vital for modern society. Previous studies showed that procedural fairness promotes cooperation; however, they mainly focused on cooperation intention, which may fail to reveal actual cooperative behaviour. Moreover, little is known regarding the personality boundary of the effect of procedural fairness on cooperation. Guided by previous findings that self-esteem increases sensitivity to procedural unfairness, we attempted to explore the moderating effect of self-esteem on the association between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour. In Experiment 1, 160 participants' self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; procedural fairness was manipulated in two conditions, depending on whether money was allocated in an economic game by rolling the dice twice or an allocator's arbitrary choice. Cooperative behaviour was assessed using the chicken game paradigm. Experiment 2 (148 participants) aimed to replicate and extend the results of Experiment 1 using a more rigorous experimental design, in which the possible effect of outcome favourability was excluded. The results of both experiments consistently showed that procedural fairness positively predicted cooperative behaviour, and this association was significant in high-self-esteem individuals, but not in low-self-esteem individuals. These findings shed light on the vital role of self-esteem in understanding the relationship between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour. 相似文献
680.
Little research has been done on the effects of peer raters’ quality characteristics on peer rating qualities. This study aims to address this gap and investigate the effects of key variables related to peer raters’ qualities, including content knowledge, previous rating experience, training on rating tasks, and rating motivation. In an experiment where training and motivation interventions were manipulated, 24 classes with 838 high school students were randomly assigned to study conditions. Inter-rater error, intra-rater error and criterion error indices for peer ratings on four selected essays were analyzed using hierarchical linear models. Results indicated that peer raters’ content knowledge, previous rating experience, and rating motivation were associated with rating errors. This study also found some significant interactions between peer raters’ quality characteristics. Implications for in-person and online peer assessments as well as future directions are discussed. 相似文献