宽容是一种崇高的美德

我们知道:“尊道贵德”是道教根本信仰的行为准则,道教并认为修行者如不讲“德”,既便在其他方面修得再好,也不可得“道”。而知足、寡欲、清静、宽容则是修行者修“德”的主要内容。《道德经》曰:“上德若谷。”就是指有道德的人从不计较个人得失,其心量就如同空谷一般可以涵盖、包容一切。《道德经》又曰:     

试论利玛窦的传教方式

本文认为明末来华的耶稣会传教士利玛窦借助伦理哲学和自然科学传教的方式深受欧洲文艺复兴和宗教改革时代精神的影响,利玛窦首先在非基督教文明中找到中西方共同的人文价值,以此为传播天主教打下基础。利玛窦及其后继者通过交友和理性论辩等途径,使一部分中国士大夫皈依了天主教。在利玛窦的传教方式中,手段与目的之间达到统一与和谐。     

学生智力与反应时的关系的教育神经心理学研究

通过比较不同智商者的大脑两半球的反应时发现,小学生中智力较高者大脑西半球的反应时较智力较低者明显为短,说明智力水平与大脑反应明显相关;选择反应时与智力水平的关系较简单反应时尤为密切。但正确反应率在两组之间未见有明显差异。     

Resolving defence mechanisms: A perspective based on dissipative structure theory

Theories and classifications of defence mechanisms are not unified. This study addresses the psychological system as a dissipative structure which exchanges information with the external and internal world. When using defence mechanisms, the cognitive‐affective schema of an individual could remain stable and ordered by excluding psychological entropy, obtaining psychological negentropy or by dissipating the energy of self‐presentation. From this perspective, defences can be classified into three basic types: isolation, compensation and self‐dissipation. However, not every kind of defence mechanisms can actually help the individual. Non‐adaptive defences are just functioning as an effective strategy in the short run but can be a harmful approach in the long run, while adaptive defences could instead help the individual as a long‐term mechanism. Thus, we would like to suggest that it is more useful for the individual to use more adaptive defence mechanisms and seek out social or interpersonal support when undergoing psychic difficulties. As this model of defences is theoretical at present, we therefore aim to support and enrich this viewpoint with empirical evidence.     

纯粹理性的“戒律”与“法规”——不能被忽视的“先验方法论”

长期以来,国内外对于《纯粹理性批判》的研究存在着忽视、甚至是无视"先验方法论"的现象。作为与"要素论"相对应的第二大部分,"方法论"阐发了将此前"批判"的结果建构起理性大厦的基本原则,因而构成了整个批判哲学的"总纲"。作为"方法论"的核心,纯粹理性的"戒律"和"法规"与理性的两大立法(自然的立法和自由的立法)直接相关,因而关系到对《批判》的根本任务、康德形而上学的目标与建构、乃至整个批判哲学体系的理解和把握。     

举证责任倒置与临床实践中证据的思考

医疗纠纷的举证责任倒置对医疗患双方产生广泛而深远的影响,也使医学与法律产生了碰撞,这就要求医务工作者在临床实践中既要为患者服务又要做到每个临床决策都必须有章可循,有法可依,有据可查以维护自己的合法权益,正确认识举证责任倒置的要求和掌握在临床实践中遵循证据的方法以避免陷入越来越多的医疗纠纷。     

班级环境变量对儿童社会行为与学校适应间关系的影响

运用同伴提名和问卷法,对82个城市初中班级的4650名学生进行了测试,并使用多水平分析技术探讨了班级环境变量对儿童社会行为和学校适应间关系的影响。结果显示：儿童的亲社会行为可以显著地正向预测其同伴接受和学业成就,儿童的攻击、退缩行为对学业成就和同伴接受有明显的负向预测效果;在班级环境变量方面,老师支持可以减弱退缩行为和学校适应间的负向联系;老师训诫不仅可以减弱攻击行为与同伴接受间的负向关联,并且对退缩行为与学业成就之间的负向联系也具有削弱效果;同学关系这一变量的班级效果最为明显,可以明显地增强儿童问题行为与学校适应间的负向联系;而班级秩序纪律对攻击行为和学校适应间的负向关联有明显的强化效果。     

聋儿的心理理论发展特点及影响因素

目前,探究聋儿的心理理论（TheoryofMind,ToM）发展特点多从三个方面进行：一是分析聋儿与正常儿童及自闭症儿童ToM水平的差异;二是比较聋父母聋儿、口语聋儿及正常父母聋儿的ToM发展差异;三是分析聋儿对不同心理状态的理解水平。此外,对聋儿ToM发展影响因素的讨论,多是从聋儿交往、语言、训练等角度进行的     

大学生物质主义与儒家传统价值观的冲突研究

以价值观冲突理论为依据,探讨中国社会转型时期物质主义与儒家传统价值观的并存给当代大学生带来的心理冲突。采用测谎仪记录被试回答价值观选择两难情境问题时的皮电值,结果发现：对于高儒家传统价值观的大学生而言,物质主义水平的上升会引起其皮电值的显著增加,而对于低儒家传统价值观的大学生则没有这种效应。表明同时拥有高水平的物质主义和儒家传统价值观的大学生会体验到大量的心理冲突。     

Effects of Corrective Feedback on EFL Learners’ Acquisition of Third-Person Singular Form and the Mediating Role of Cognitive Style

The present study investigated the effectiveness of recasts and prompts on the acquisition of the English third-person singular form and the mediating role of cognitive style on the effects of feedback. One hundred and seventy-five college students from four intact classes were assigned to four groups: form-focused instruction with recast (FFI-recast), FFI with prompt (FFI-prompt), FFI, and control. The group embedded figures test (Witkin et al. in Rev Educ Res 47:1–64, 1977) was adopted to test learners’ cognitive style (field dependence/independence). The results show that the FFI-prompt group outperformed the FFI-recast group and the control group on the immediate post-test; the FFI-prompt group also achieved significantly higher scores than the other groups on the delayed post-test in the written test. However, no significant difference was found among groups in the text-completion test. Regression analyses reveal that in the text-completion test, field dependence/independence mediates the effect of recasts on the immediate post-test.