不同性别聋人大学生社会支持的调查研究

聋人高等教育在我国正处于快速发展时期,聋人大学生因其身体缺陷需要社会各界提供全方位的社会支持,以促进其身心健康成长。本研究对250名聋人大学生的社会支持现状进行问卷调查,结果表明:不同性别的聋人大学生获得的社会支持存在显著差异,父亲提供给聋人女生的情感支持显著高于聋人男生;母亲提供给聋人女生的亲密感支持显著高于男生;教师提供给聋人男生的惩罚和冲突得分显著高于聋人女生;同性朋友提供给聋人女生的情感支持、工具性支持、和亲密感、价值增进四个维度及社会支持总水平得分显著高于聋人男生;异性朋友提供给聋人女生的社会支持各维度以及总水平均显著高于男生。     

罗隐《太平两同书》的社会政治思想

罗隐是唐末五代时期的一位儒、道兼修的人物,著有《太平两同书》等。《太平两同书》之宗旨,乃在力图揉合道、儒两家思想而提炼出一套供统治者采用的“太平匡济术”,全书分贵贱、强弱、损益、理乱等十个问题,从不同侧面对“致太平”之“本”和“术”进行了讨论,其中既有丰富的社会政治思想,亦不乏深刻的辩证思维色彩。     

吉登斯对历史唯物主义的反思与"重建"

在吉登斯看来,历史唯物主义存在“化约论”、“进化论”和“功能论”三大缺陷。“化约论”表现在历史唯物主义把复杂的人类历史和社会关系化约为生产力、经济关系和阶级斗争等方面,作为对它的重建,吉登斯提出以“时空伸延水平”作为划分社会类型的新标准;“进化论”表现在历史唯物主义把人类历史看作是一个由低级阶段向高级阶段不断进化的过程,作为对它的重建,吉登斯提出从“片断”和“时空边缘”的角度分析世界历史的演化轮廓;“功能论”表现在历史唯物主义从“需要”和“功能”的角度解释社会再生产和社会变迁的过程,作为对它的重建,吉登斯提出了“随机性社会变迁”模式的新观点。吉登斯对历史唯物主义的反思和“重建”具有一定的启发意义,但也存在明显的缺陷。     

The role of phonological activation in the visual semantic retrieval of Chinese characters

The Stroop paradigm was used to examine the role of phonological activation in semantic access and its development in reading Chinese characters. Subjects (age 7-23 years) of different reading ability were asked to name the display color of Chinese characters. The characters were displayed in four different colors: red, yellow, blue and green. There were five types of relationships between a character and its display color: semantically congruent, phonologically congruent, semantically incongruent, phonologically incongruent and neutral. In addition to the classical Stroop effects, interference and facilitation effects from the homophones of color characters were also observed. The younger children and those with lower reading ability exhibited stronger Stroop effects. These findings suggest that phonological codes are activated automatically in Chinese character recognition. Furthermore, there is more phonological activation in the semantic retrieval of children in lower grades and those with lower reading ability.     

Initial behavior outcomes for the peacebuilders universal school-based violence prevention program

PeaceBuilders is a universal, elementary-school-based violence prevention program that attempts to alter the climate of a school by teaching students and staff simple rules and activities aimed at improving child social competence and reducing aggressive behavior. Eight matched schools (N > 4,000 students in Grades K-5) were randomly assigned to either immediate postbaseline intervention (PBI) or to a delayed intervention 1 year later (PBD). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze results from assessments in the fall and spring of 2 consecutive school years. In Year 1, significant gains in teacher-rated social competence for students in Grades K-2, in childself-reported peace-building behavior in Grades K-5, and reductions in aggressive behavior in Grades 3-5 were found for PBI but not PBD schools. Differential effects in Year 1 were also observed for aggression and prosocial behavior. Most effects were maintained in Year 2 for PBI schools, including increases in child prosocial behavior in Grades K-2. Implications for early universal school-based prevention and challenges related toevaluating large-scale prevention trials are discussed.     

味觉厌恶性条件反射与条件反射性免疫抑制的研究

以环磷酰胺的注射为非条件刺激（ＵＣＳ）,糖精水的摄入为条件刺激（ＣＳ）,并以血白细胞和淋巴细胞数量及脾淋巴细胞的转化反应为免疫指标,糖精水的饮用量为行为指标,通过改变条件刺激与非条件刺激结合的次数来观察条件反射性厌恶行为与条件反射性免疫抑制的反应。结果表明不管是一次性的还是两次性的ＣＳ－ＵＣＳ结合训练都能使动物明显地建立起味觉厌恶性条件反射,然而条件反射性免疫抑制只在两次性ＣＳ－ＵＣＳ结合训练后才     

目标结构与学习动机

本文概述了目标结构理论的形成及发展,并进一步论述了在教学中不同的目标结构,导致学生间不间的相互关系,从而使学生形成不同的学习动机,取得不同的学业成就。竞争目标结构激发的是能力中心的动机系统;个体化目标结构激发的是任务掌握的动机系统;合作目标结构激发的是道德中心的动机系统。由此,我们认为在当前的教学实践中应重视合作目标结构的建立。     

三十年中国心理学基本理论的研究

当我国进入一个伟大的历史性转变的时刻,让我们粗略地总结一下三十年来心理学基本理论研究的经验,瞻望一下未来心理学基本理论研究的前景,是非常必要的。它有助于我们坚持以马列主义毛泽东思想为指导,彻底解放思想,发扬学术民主,进一步加强基本理论的研究,顺利地实现心理学自身的现代化,更有效地为社会主义四个现代化建设服务。     

关于闪光盲的研究——Ⅱ 短暂强闪光对中心视觉恢复时间的影响

在暗适应条件下对11名正常视力的男性受试者测定了进入眼内的闪光能量与恢复时间的关系。当闪光时间为0.1—5毫秒,积分亮度为0.07—1.69熙提秒时,人眼辨别一6’视角的蓝道环缺口所需的恢复时间仅取决于亮度和曝光时间的乘积,即Bloch律成立。文章并对防闪光盲护目镜应具的关闭时间进行了讨论。     

Mixture-modelling-based Bayesian MH-RM algorithm for the multidimensional 4PLM

Several recent works have tackled the estimation issue for the unidimensional four-parameter logistic model (4PLM). Despite these efforts, the issue remains a challenge for the multidimensional 4PLM (M4PLM). Fu et al. (2021) proposed a Gibbs sampler for the M4PLM, but it is time-consuming. In this paper, a mixture-modelling-based Bayesian MH-RM (MM-MH-RM) algorithm is proposed for the M4PLM to obtain the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates. In a comparison of the MM-MH-RM algorithm to the original MH-RM algorithm, two simulation studies and an empirical example demonstrated that the MM-MH-RM algorithm possessed the benefits of the mixture-modelling approach and could produce more robust estimates with guaranteed convergence rates and fast computation. The MATLAB codes for the MM-MH-RM algorithm are available in the online appendix.