国家意识形态与民族主体价值相辅相成——全球化时代马克思主义与儒学关系的再思考

一个半世纪以来,儒学面临着西方文化的挑战,面临着现代化和全球化的冲击。在这种形势下,建构新的儒学体系,实现儒学的当代转型,便成为关系到儒学生死存亡的时代课题。为此,国际儒学联合会于2006年10月15日在北京召开了主题为“经典、道统与儒学的当代转型”的座谈会,20余位专家学者出席会议并做了发言。在研讨会基础上,为了深入儒学转型研究,我们特组织了“当代儒学转型”专题讨论,以期引起学界关注并展开进一步讨论。     

熟练维-汉双语者汉语语义的通达机制

采用跨语言非掩蔽启动条件下的词汇判断实验范式,通过变换启动刺激和目标刺激的关系,研究了熟练维-汉双语者两种语言间的语义通达方式。结果发现,无论是维语作为启动刺激,还是汉语作为启动刺激,启动刺激与目标刺激之间无论是翻译关系,还是联想关系,启动刺激对目标刺激的识别都产生了显著的促进作用。并且两种方向的启动量没有显著差异。这些结果表明,对于熟练掌握维、汉两种语言的维吾尔族大学生而言,两种语言无论在词汇表征上,还是在概念表征上都建立了很强的联系,两种语言间词汇通达的不对称性已接近消失,支持了Kroll等人提出的整合的层级模型。     

古代和谐思想与构建社会主义和谐社会

和谐是中国传统文化的核心理念,中国古代和谐思想内容广泛,包含着人与自身、人与人、人与自然之间的和谐,也就是内心和谐、社会和谐、宇宙和谐.这一宝贵思想在今天仍具有重要的理论意义和实践意义.构建社会主义和谐社会必须统筹协调各方面伦理关系,妥善处理社会矛盾,以达到内心和谐、社会和谐、人与自然和谐.     

Increased brain serotonin turnover in panic disorder patients in the absence of a panic attack: reduction by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Since the brain neurotransmitter changes characterising panic disorder remain uncertain, we quantified brain noradrenaline and serotonin turnover in patients with panic disorder, in the absence of a panic attack. Thirty-four untreated patients with panic disorder and 24 matched healthy volunteers were studied. A novel method utilising internal jugular venous sampling, with thermodilution measurement of jugular blood flow, was used to directly quantify brain monoamine turnover, by measuring the overflow of noradrenaline and serotonin metabolites from the brain. Radiographic depiction of brain venous sinuses allowed differential venous sampling from cortical and subcortical regions. The relation of brain serotonin turnover to serotonin transporter genotype and panic disorder severity were evaluated, and the influence of an SSRI drug, citalopram, on serotonin turnover investigated. Brain noradrenaline turnover in panic disorder patients was similar to that in healthy subjects. In contrast, brain serotonin turnover, estimated from jugular venous overflow of the metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, was increased approximately 4-fold in subcortical brain regions and in the cerebral cortex (P < 0.01). Serotonin turnover was highest in patients with the most severe disease, was unrelated to serotonin transporter genotype, and was reduced by citalopram (P < 0.01). Normal brain noradrenaline turnover in panic disorder patients argues against primary importance of the locus coeruleus in this condition. The marked increase in serotonin turnover, in the absence of a panic attack, possibly represents an important underlying neurotransmitter substrate for the disorder, although this point remains uncertain. Support for this interpretation comes from the direct relationship which existed between serotonin turnover and illness severity, and the finding that SSRI administration reduced serotonin turnover. Serotonin transporter genotyping suggested that increased whole brain serotonin turnover most likely derived not from impaired serotonin reuptake, but from increased firing in serotonergic midbrain raphe neurons projecting to both subcortical brain regions and the cerebral cortex.     

突破语言对哲学的桎梏——意大利分析哲学协会（SIFA）2008“本体·心灵·语言”国际会议侧记

分析哲学一向被称为"英美分析哲学",这并非是由于这个20世纪最富影响力的治学方法诞生于英国或者美国,而是由于其主要的代表人物大都是英国或美国的哲学家,这无形当中也使英语成为分析哲学的"官方"语言.尽管英美的哲学家们都不大愿意承认他们在语言上所具有的得天独厚的优势,但是,当英语成为从事分析哲学的世界语言时,非英语国家的思想家们所面临的挑战就不仅仅是如何用英语来思考或者如何将自己的思想确切地用英语表达出来,而且还包括如何将分析哲学从英美学者的"垄断"中解放出来.     

物质主义价值观量表在大学生群体中的修订

以449名大学本科生为被试,对物质主义价值观量表（MVS）进行中文版的修订,考察其信效度指标。探索性因素分析发现,修订后的量表具有与原量表基本相同的三个维度;验证性因素分析结果显示,MVS的三因素结构拟合较好;MVS的内部一致性信度为0．792,重测信度为0．830;MVS的效标关联效度良好。表明修订后的MVS具有较好的心理测量学属性,可作为测量我国大学生物质主义价值观的工具。     

Optimum sample size allocation to minimize cost or maximize power for the two‐sample trimmed mean test

When planning a study, sample size determination is one of the most important tasks facing the researcher. The size will depend on the purpose of the study, the cost limitations, and the nature of the data. By specifying the standard deviation ratio and/or the sample size ratio, the present study considers the problem of heterogeneous variances and non‐normality for Yuen's two‐group test and develops sample size formulas to minimize the total cost or maximize the power of the test. For a given power, the sample size allocation ratio can be manipulated so that the proposed formulas can minimize the total cost, the total sample size, or the sum of total sample size and total cost. On the other hand, for a given total cost, the optimum sample size allocation ratio can maximize the statistical power of the test. After the sample size is determined, the present simulation applies Yuen's test to the sample generated, and then the procedure is validated in terms of Type I errors and power. Simulation results show that the proposed formulas can control Type I errors and achieve the desired power under the various conditions specified. Finally, the implications for determining sample sizes in experimental studies and future research are discussed.     

Neural correlates of Traditional Chinese Medicine induced advantageous risk-taking decision making

This fMRI study examined the neural correlates of the observed improvement in advantageous risk-taking behavior, as measured by the number of adjusted pumps in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), following a 60-day course of a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) recipe, specifically designed to regulate impulsiveness in order to modulate risk-taking behavior. The 14 participants recruited for this study were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups and the TCM recipe (Panax, 520 mg; Astragalus membranaceous Bunge, 520 mg; Masnetitum, 840 mg; Ostrea gigas Thumb, 470 mg; Thinleaf Milkwort Root Radix Polygalae, 450 mg; and Os Draconis, 470 mg) was administered, as a diet supplement, to the seven participants in the experimental group. The neural activity of the two groups was monitored by a 3T MRI scanner, before and after the 60-day treatment. Associated with the improved advantageous risk-taking behavior seen in the experimental group, significantly stronger blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses were observed in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left putamen, left thalamus, right insula, and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), regions which have previously been reported as being involved in risk-taking decision making. The effect of the TCM in improving advantageous risk-taking decision making appears to have been related to the enhanced efficiency of the cognitive affective system, the PFC–ACC–insula–striatum network, which functions to inhibit impulsiveness, to sensitize reward-related information, and to allow the opportunity, during risk estimation, to evaluate potential gains and losses. The findings of this study suggest that interventions acting on factors modulating risk-taking decision making could have a beneficial effect in terms of optimizing risk-taking behavior.     

略谈“八大山人”与净明道的关系

"八大山人"是清代著名的艺术家,擅长绘画与书法.他的本名为朱耷,是明太祖朱元璋的十世孙,因见证明王朝灭亡,故曾看破红尘而出家隐居;其书画中"八大山人"的落款,既似"哭之",又似"笑之",由此而得称绝笔.本人近读民国延寿居士编<青云谱志>,从中得知"八大山人"实际上就是净明道(又称"净明忠孝道")之青云谱(又作"青云圃")道院的兴建者朱道朗,且此人还开创了净明道的一个支派--青云派①,详如下.     

Environmental enrichment improves behavioral performance and auditory spatial representation of primary auditory cortical neurons in rat

Environmental enrichment (EE) has an important role in brain plasticity. Early research has shown that EE increases the response strength of neurons in the auditory cortex, but it remains unknown whether EE can influence the process of spatial localization in the auditory system. In this study, we raised rats in enriched and standard conditions from postnatal day 10 to day 56. By testing behavioral tasks via auditory cues, we have shown that EE improved the number of correct scores, but decreased the reaction time and azimuth deviation in behavioral performance of sound-azimuth discrimination. By in vivo extracellular recording, we have shown that EE enhanced the directional sensitivity of neurons in the primary auditory cortex. For example, EE rats had a smaller spatial receptive field, sharper frequency tuning curve and directional selective curve of auditory neurons compared with normal rats. Our findings indicate that early exposure to EE increases directional sensitivity. These results provide an insight into developmental plasticity in the auditory system.