情绪与认知关系研究发展概况

情绪与认知的关系长期存在着谁主谁从和谁为首因的争议,近期感情神经科学对两者的关系取得了突破性进展。通过从古希腊哲学思想入手分析和介绍中世纪、近现代各个历史时期学者们的不同观点,从而使我们了解情绪与认知从主-从关系、彼此独立的关系、相互作用的关系到互倚关系的艰难认识历程。     

近十年来情绪研究的回顾与展望

本文主要综述了近10年来,情绪心理学研究中所取得的进展和将来的研究趋向。首先介绍了情绪实验研究中实验材料的标准化和成像技术应用的发展概况;其次讨论了情绪智力的构成成分和情绪调节研究的进展;再次分析了情绪和认知之间的交互作用关系;最后探讨了感情系统的加工特征。     

错觉研究:从狭义到广义的演进

心理学家对错觉现象的关注由来已久,以往的错觉研究大部分关注与知觉过程相联系的错觉。近十几年来,当代错觉研究呈现出新的热点,并从狭义向广义演进。这一研究对象扩展的基础,是错觉现象的本质特征,即认知过程的一致性偏差。广义错觉研究的对象涉及知觉、记忆、思维、推理等各种心理过程。     

舌尖现象的研究进展

舌尖现象(thetip of tongue phenomenon,简称TOT)具有非常重要的研究价值,通过了解TOT的产生机制可以为我们理解言语产生等问题提供一个视窗,本文总结和回顾了国外有关TOT研究各方面的进展情况,并指出了当前研究存在的一些问题,目的是给国内的同行提供一点借鉴。     

The prevalence and predictors of metabolically healthy obesity in obese rural population of China: a cross-sectional study

Till now, no evidence illustrates the prevalence and predictors of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) in rural areas of China. The objective of this study was, firstly, to examine the prevalence of MHO in rural areas of China, and identify contributing determinants of MHO, Secondly, to comprehensively investigate to the different characteristics between MHO and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 2037 participants with obesity in rural Liaoning Province during 2012–2013. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥28 kg/m² and metabolically healthy was defined as not having the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of MHO was 23.1%, and significantly decreased with advancing age in female group. However there was no significant tendency with advancing age in male group. Independent determinant factors for MHO were age <55 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.659; p = .001), non-current smoking (OR 1.397; p = .038), pre-menopause (OR 1.648; p = .030) and non-hyperuricemia (OR 2.317; p < .001), whereas race, gender, diet score, current drinking, marriage, sleep duration, hyperhomocysteinemia, levels of physical activity, annual income and educational status were not significant contributors. In conclusion, we found that age <55 years, non-current smoking, pre-menopause and non-hyperuricemia were identified as independent determinant factors for MHO in this population.     

2～4岁儿童借助标识物进行视频空间定位能力的发展

分别以直接标识物和间接标识物为线索考察2.5岁、3岁、4岁儿童的视频空间定位能力发展.结果表明:在直接标识物任务中.各年龄组儿童空间定位的正确率无明显差异.而在间接标识物任务中,2.5岁儿童空间定位的正确率明显低于年长儿童;参照物的复杂程度影响2-4岁儿童视频空间定位的正确率,2.5岁和3岁儿童更易受影响;间接标识物所处位置对儿童视频空间定位产生影响.另外,在定位策略的使用上,两维视频空间中儿童表现出与三维空间不同的策略使用偏好,儿童更倾向于使用特征线索进行定位.而非几何线索.     

国外反生产行为研究述评

反生产行为指从组织角度来看,员工有意违背所在组织合法利益的任何行为,这类行为对组织效能具有相当程度的破坏作用.文章对反生产行为的概念结构、前因变量和评价源问题等方面进行了回顾和分析.研究发现,反生产行为与组织公民行为之间是相关且相互独立的概念,多种情境变量和个体变量可以预测反生产行为的产生.最后展望了该领域的未来研究方向,强调本土化、应用研究、功能性视角等三方面问题应该受到重视.     

The Roles of Relative Linguistic Proficiency and Modality Switching in Language Switch Cost: Evidence from Chinese Visual Unimodal and Bimodal Bilinguals

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - The current study investigated the mechanism of language switching in unbalanced visual unimodal bilinguals as well as balanced and unbalanced bimodal...     

浮现理论及其对第二语言获得年龄效应的新解释

近年来,来自认知行为实验、认知神经科学的研究结果对第二语言获的关键期假设提出了质疑。浮现理论对第二语言获得的年龄效应提出了新的解释,该理论认为在第二语言获得中并不存在先天决定的关键期,第二语言的获得年龄效应是由双语之间的相互作用、相互影响决定的,即第一语言的防守和第二语言同第一语言间的竞争两种机制决定着第二语言的获得的程度。     

On the time course of accessing meaning in a second language: An electrophysiological and behavioral investigation of translation recognition

In 2 experiments, relatively proficient Chinese-English bilinguals decided whether Chinese words were the correct translations of English words. Critical trials were those on which incorrect translations were related in lexical form or meaning to the correct translation. In Experiment 1, behavioral interference was revealed for both distractor types, but event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed a different time course for the 2 conditions. Semantic distractors elicited effects primarily on the N400 and late positive component (LPC), with a smaller N400 and a smaller LPC over the posterior scalp but a larger LPC over the anterior scalp relative to unrelated controls. In contrast, translation form distractors elicited a larger P200 and a larger LPC than did unrelated controls. To determine whether the translation form effects were enabled by the relatively long, 750-ms stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between words, a 2nd ERP experiment was conducted using a shorter, 300-ms, SOA. The behavioral results revealed interference for both types of distractors, but the ERPs again revealed different loci for the 2 effects. Taken together, the data suggest that proficient bilinguals activate 1st-language translations of words in the 2nd language after they have accessed the meaning of those words. The implications of this pattern for claims about the nature of cross-language activation when bilinguals read in 1 or both languages are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).