庄子情欲本质及其调节的心理思想管窥

情欲是中国古代心理学思想研究的重要范畴,是关系密切但又各有所指的两个范畴。庄子指出情欲对人的身心健康具负面影响,提出许多关于情欲本质及其调节的心理思想。本文分析和总结了庄子的情欲本质观和调节观,这些思想对今天人们实施情欲心理调节仍有重要借鉴价值。     

青少年自尊与攻击的关系：中介变量和调节变量的作用

以705名初、高中生为被试,采用量表法和同伴提名法收集数据,探讨了自尊与攻击的关系以及对二者关系可能有影响的中介变量和调节变量的作用。结果表明：（1）自尊与攻击的相关系数为-0.21,这说明低自尊与高攻击有关;（2）回归方程纳入自控后,自尊对攻击的预测在统计意义上不明显,表明自尊通过自控对攻击产生影响,自控在自尊与攻击的关系中起着中介的作用;（3）社会地位对自尊与攻击之间的关系具有调节作用,它调节着两者关系的强度;（4）社会影响对自控的中介作用具有调节作用     

个人奋斗及其相关研究

个人奋斗作为个人目标概念中最有代表性的一种,是一种特定的、与情境目标有关的人格意向结构,指的是个体通过日常行为所努力达成的特性生活目标。根据目标理论的层次结构,个人奋斗及类似概念被统称为人格中的“中层”目标单元。文章选取Emmons的个人奋斗理论,从个人奋斗的基本概念及其测评开始,论述其与幸福感、人格特质的相关关系,并简要评述了几种不同的个人目标理论,呈现了一种与传统特质理论不同的人格研究方法     

内隐学习的人工神经网络模型

近年来,人工神经网络模型常被用来模拟各种心理活动,从而为心理学的一些相关理论提供丰富的证据,内隐学习也不例外。基于权重调整来学习正确反应的人工神经网络模型和内隐学习的两大本质特征间有着极为相应的匹配,因此,人工神经网络模型特别适用于内隐学习研究。到目前为止,针对两种较为普遍的内隐学习任务,已经相应地出现了两种使用较为广泛的神经网络模型——自动联系者和简单循环网络     

心理学研究中社会阶层的操作化界定及其衍生问题

个体的社会阶层反映了其所掌控的客观社会资源(即客观社会阶层)和其主观上所感知到的自身社会地位(即主观社会阶层)的水平。收入(或财产)、职业、受教育程度是研究中常用来反映客观社会阶层的操作化指标。而主观社会阶层的操作化界定既包括对主观阶层进行问卷测量,也包括对其加以实验操纵。心理学研究要基于研究目的以及要考察的具体效应与机制对不同的操作化界定加以取舍,有时也要综合兼顾多种操作化方式。通过选取典型群体来代表不同阶层,这种做法宜慎重采用。同时研究的信效度问题有必要更多加以重视。未来研究应加强关注阶层认同偏差与阶层纵向流动等基础问题,以及因取样偏差而带来的阶层效应被简化的现象,并结合跨文化视角分析不同文化下社会阶层的内涵差异。     

是儒家心学还是道教内丹学——析《李卓吾先生批评西游记》批语的立足点

《李卓吾先生批评西游记》中的批语虽然对"心"十分强调,但是其立足点并不是儒家心学,而是道教内丹学。批语的真正作者确实不是李卓吾,而是另一熟悉内丹学之人。     

Career adaptability,calling and the professional competence of social work students in China: A career construction perspective

Based on career construction theory, the current research examined individual and contextual predictors for the professional competence of Chinese undergraduates majoring in social work (N = 270). Results showed that career concern and career curiosity predicted social work students' professional competence, with these relations mediated by the calling in social work. It was also found that the positive effect of calling on professional competence was stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. The corresponding moderated mediation model was supported such that the indirect effects of career concern and career curiosity on professional competence were stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. These findings carry implications for research on career construction theory, as well as career education and career counseling practices.     

Magnetic-field dependence of nucleation undercoolings in non-magnetic metallic melts

The nucleation undercoolings of non-magnetic metals like paramagnetic aluminium in high magnetic fields were measured by the differential thermal analysis technique. It was shown that the nucleation undercooling of pure aluminium increased with increasing the magnetic field, while its melting temperature was hardly changed. Based on the model of magnetic dipoles at the interface, it is proposed that the magnetic-field-induced interfacial energy mainly contributes to the increase in undercooling. The change in undercooling in the magnetic field is calculated theoretically, which is in comparison with experimental data. Additionally, the inhibition of atom diffusion in the magnetic field plays a role in the change of undercooling.     

Determinants of pro‐environmental consumption intention in rural China: The role of traditional cultures,personal attitudes and reference groups

This study aimed to identify social‐psychological predictors of pro‐environmental consumption intention in rural China. To this end, a proposed conceptual model was tested by analyzing the survey data derived from 972 rural respondents in Jiangxi province in south‐eastern China. Results showed that the endorsement of traditional cultures (man–nature orientation and collectivism) was linked with pro‐environmental consumption behaviuor, but was mediated by intentions. Personal attitudes (environmental cognition and environmental affect) and reference groups influenced both intention and behaviour. The results also provided good evidence of the intention–behaviour relationship. These findings provided a better understanding of the process in which Chinese rural residents developed their pro‐environmental consumption behaviours.     

Ease‐of‐retrieval effects on procedural justice judgements under conditions of informational and personal uncertainty

This study tests whether individuals' reliance on ease‐of‐retrieval processes when forming procedural justice judgements are moderated by informational and personal uncertainty. In Studies 1 and 2 we examined the predicted effects of informational uncertainty. Results indicated that participants in information‐uncertain conditions relied on ease‐of‐retrieval, whereas those in information‐certain conditions relied on content information to make procedural justice judgements. In Study 3 we examined the combined effects of informational uncertainty and personal uncertainty on reliance on ease‐of‐retrieval when forming procedural justice judgements. The findings of Study 3 indicated that personal uncertain participants who were in informational certain conditions based their procedural justice judgements on content information, whereas all other participants based their procedural justice judgements on ease‐of‐retrieval. This is the first paper to demonstrate that the joint effect of informational uncertainty and personal uncertainty on reliance on ease‐of‐retrieval is different from the two uncertainties acting alone.