评吉登斯对马克思的“两种商品化”理论的分析

文章紧紧围绕吉登斯思想的展开基点即"两种商品化理论",通过吉登斯理解资本主义社会存在、分析资本主义劳动的必然特征及其所蕴含的资本主义社会的权力本质三个方面的论证,指出了吉登斯思想与马克思思想的关联性.     

60年来关于发现“新行星木王星”的论战

从1945年起一直到现在,一场延续不断的关于发现"新行星木王星"的论战是我国现代科学史上引人注意的一件重大事件。这事件从抗战时期的重庆、昆明直到21世纪的北京,断断续续,没完没了。已经经过科学论证过了的问题,一遇机会就又沉渣泛起,混淆是非,欺骗大众。     

目标拾取运动特性研究

对人体的目标拾取运动特性进行了研究,提出截止目标疋度的概念,推导目标拾取运动的时间计算方程,重新定义了难度指数,试验数据表明该计算方程对目标拾取运动能够给予较好的描述。     

全国第五次真理问题讨论会综述

１９９８年９月２４日至３０日,全国第五次真理问题讨论会在黄山市召开。会议由中国辩证唯物主义研究会、中国社会主义社会辩证法研究会、安徽省委党校和北大、人大、北师大、吉大、安大的哲学系联合发起。有１１０多名专家学者与会,收到学术论文９０多篇。讨论会的主旨...     

In search of the ‘Aha!’ experience: Elucidating the emotionality of insight problem‐solving

Although the experience of insight has long been noted, the essence of the ‘Aha!’ experience, reflecting a sudden change in the brain that accompanies an insight solution, remains largely unknown. This work aimed to uncover the mystery of the ‘Aha!’ experience through three studies. In Study 1, participants were required to solve a set of verbal insight problems and then subjectively report their affective experience when solving the problem. The participants were found to have experienced many types of emotions, with happiness the most frequently reported one. Multidimensional scaling was employed in Study 2 to simplify the dimensions of these reported emotions. The results showed that these different types of emotions could be clearly placed in two‐dimensional space and that components constituting the ‘Aha!’ experience mainly reflected positive emotion and approached cognition. To validate previous findings, in Study 3, participants were asked to select the most appropriate emotional item describing their feelings at the time the problem was solved. The results of this study replicated the multidimensional construct consisting of approached cognition and positive affect. These three studies provide the first direct evidence of the essence of the ‘Aha!’ experience. The potential significance of the findings was discussed.     

Predicting Short‐Term Remembering as Boundedly Optimal Strategy Choice

It is known that, on average, people adapt their choice of memory strategy to the subjective utility of interaction. What is not known is whether an individual's choices are boundedly optimal. Two experiments are reported that test the hypothesis that an individual's decisions about the distribution of remembering between internal and external resources are boundedly optimal where optimality is defined relative to experience, cognitive constraints, and reward. The theory makes predictions that are tested against data, not fitted to it. The experiments use a no‐choice/choice utility learning paradigm where the no‐choice phase is used to elicit a profile of each participant's performance across the strategy space and the choice phase is used to test predicted choices within this space. They show that the majority of individuals select strategies that are boundedly optimal. Further, individual differences in what people choose to do are successfully predicted by the analysis. Two issues are discussed: (a) the performance of the minority of participants who did not find boundedly optimal adaptations, and (b) the possibility that individuals anticipate what, with practice, will become a bounded optimal strategy, rather than what is boundedly optimal during training.     

Robust mean and covariance structure analysis through iteratively reweighted least squares

Robust schemes in regression are adapted to mean and covariance structure analysis, providing an iteratively reweighted least squares approach to robust structural equation modeling. Each case is properly weighted according to its distance, based on first and second order moments, from the structural model. A simple weighting function is adopted because of its flexibility with changing dimensions. The weight matrix is obtained from an adaptive way of using residuals. Test statistic and standard error estimators are given, based on iteratively reweighted least squares. The method reduces to a standard distribution-free methodology if all cases are equally weighted. Examples demonstrate the value of the robust procedure.The authors acknowledge the constructive comments of three referees and the Editor that lead to an improved version of the paper. This work was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse Grants DA01070 and DA00017 and by the University of North Texas Faculty Research Grant Program.     

Teacher's Encouragement on Creativity,Intrinsic Motivation,and Creativity: The Mediating Role of Creative Process Engagement

Drawing on Dewey's pragmatic perspective on talent cultivation and previous research on promoting employee creativity in industry, this study investigates student creativity performance in relation to teacher's encouragement, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Based on survey data collected from 140 vocational high school students who participated in a nation‐wide contest in Taiwan, path analyses were performed using structure equation modeling techniques. The results indicate that both teacher's encouragement and intrinsic motivation have a significant, although indirect, effect on student creativity, and that creative process engagement, as opposed to teacher encouragement or intrinsic motivation, has a direct and significant mediating effect on student creativity. This finding is in partial agreement with prior research which reports student creativity is positively associated with teacher encouragement and intrinsic motivation, highlighting the mediating role of creative process engagement in facilitating student creative performance.     

Building up resources in the relationship between work–family conflict and burnout among firefighters: moderators of guanxi and emotion regulation strategies

This study investigated the moderating effects of supervisor–subordinate “guanxi” alongside relevant emotional regulation strategies, including cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, undertaken by 402 firefighters experiencing burnout caused by work–family conflict, as revealed through the application and analysis of the job demands–resources model. According to the regression model for the moderating effects, high levels of supervisor–subordinate guanxi may improve the relationship between work–family conflict and burnout, while frequent suppression of expressivity may enhance this relationship. Moreover, when supervisor–subordinate guanxi is high, cognitive reappraisal may effectively mitigate the relationship between work–family conflict and burnout. To this end, both guanxi and cognitive reappraisal are crucial for supporting emotional regulation in the workplaces of ethnic Chinese societies.