排序方式: 共有125条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Martel G Hevi C Friebely O Baybutt T Shumyatsky GP 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2010,17(11):582-590
Synaptically released Zn2+ is a potential modulator of neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in fear-conditioning pathways. Zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) knock-out (KO) mice are well suited to test the role of zinc in learned fear, because ZnT3 is colocalized with synaptic zinc, responsible for its transport to synaptic vesicles, highly enriched in the amygdala-associated neural circuitry, and ZnT3 KO mice lack Zn2+ in synaptic vesicles. However, earlier work reported no deficiency in fear memory in ZnT3 KO mice, which is surprising based on the effects of Zn2+ on amygdala synaptic plasticity. We therefore reexamined ZnT3 KO mice in various tasks for learned and innate fear. The mutants were deficient in a weak fear-conditioning protocol using single tone-shock pairing but showed normal memory when a stronger, five-pairing protocol was used. ZnT3 KO mice were deficient in memory when a tone was presented as complex auditory information in a discontinuous fashion. Moreover, ZnT3 KO mice showed abnormality in trace fear conditioning and in fear extinction. By contrast, ZnT3 KO mice had normal anxiety. Thus, ZnT3 is involved in associative fear memory and extinction, but not in innate fear, consistent with the role of synaptic zinc in amygdala synaptic plasticity. 相似文献
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Facilitating Effect of Multisensory Letter Encoding on Reading and Spelling in 5‐Year‐Old Children 下载免费PDF全文
Helene Labat Guillaume Vallet Annie Magnan Jean Ecalle 《Applied cognitive psychology》2015,29(3):381-391
This study aims at identifying the effect of training in the acquisition of the alphabetic principle in 5‐year‐old children. We compared the effect of multisensory training of letters in visual, haptic, graphomotor, visuo‐haptic, and visuo‐graphomotor groups. For each training type, we contrasted trained versus untrained letters in reading and spelling tasks. First, visuo‐haptic and visuo‐graphomotor training improved letter‐sound correspondence acquisition scores more than the other types of training, and this improvement persisted in the second post‐test. A cross‐modal transfer was revealed by the fact that scores increased after blindfold haptic and graphomotor experiences. Moreover, performance on untrained letters also improved, suggesting an indirect effect following the specific trained letters training. The results argue in favor of a facilitating effect of multisensory encoding on acquisition of the alphabetic principle. Practical implications for the prevention of future reading difficulties are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Laurent Dollé Jacques Droulez Daniel Bennequin Alain Berthoz Guillaume Thibault 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2015,11(4):156-162
Few studies have explored how humans memorize landmarks in complex multifloored
buildings. They have observed that participants memorize an environment either
by floors or by vertical columns, influenced by the learning path. However, the
influence of the building’s actual structure is not yet known. In order to
investigate this influence, we conducted an experiment using an object-in-place
protocol in a cylindrical building to contrast with previous experiments which
used rectilinear environments. Two groups of 15 participants were taken on a
tour with a first person perspective through a virtual cylindrical three-floored
building. They followed either a route discovering floors one at a time, or a
route discovering columns (by simulated lifts across floors). They then
underwent a series of trials, in which they viewed a camera movement reproducing
either a segment of the learning path (familiar trials), or performing a
shortcut relative to the learning trajectory (novel trials). We observed that
regardless of the learning path, participants better memorized the building by
floors, and only participants who had discovered the building by columns also
memorized it by columns. This expands on previous results obtained in a
rectilinear building, where the learning path favoured the memory of its
horizontal and vertical layout. Taken together, these results suggest that both
learning mode and an environment’s structure influence the spatial memory of
complex multifloored buildings. 相似文献
54.
Visual object perception is usually studied by presenting one object at a time at the fovea. However, the world around us is composed of multiple objects. The way our visual system deals with this complexity has remained controversial in the literature. Some models claim that the ventral pathway, a set of visual cortical areas responsible for object recognition, can process only one or very few objects at a time without ambiguity. Other models argue in favor of a massively parallel processing of objects in a scene. Recent experiments in monkeys have provided important data about this issue. The ventral pathway seems to be able to perform complex analyses on several objects simultaneously, but only during a short time period. Subsequently only one or very few objects are explicitly selected and consciously perceived. Here, we survey the implications of these new findings for our understanding of object processing. 相似文献
55.
By taking the MAX from their inputs, neurons in the ventral visual pathway might preserve their selectivity even when stimulated with natural scenes. This computational hypothesis has received recent direct physiological evidence from recordings of V4 neuronal responses, in a recent study by Gawne and Martin (2002). Object vision might rely more heavily on parallel processing than generally thought. 相似文献
56.
The amygdala receives multi-modal sensory inputs and projects to virtually all levels of the central nervous system. Via these widespread projections, the amygdala facilitates consolidation of emotionally arousing memories. How the amygdala promotes synaptic plasticity elsewhere in the brain remains unknown, however. Recent work indicates that amygdala neurons show theta activity during emotional arousal, and various types of oscillations during sleep. These synchronized neuronal events could promote synaptic plasticity by facilitating interactions between neocortical storage sites and temporal lobe structures involved in declarative memory. 相似文献
57.
François Maquestiaux André Didierjean Eric Ruthruff Guillaume Chauvel Alan Hartley 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2013,20(6):1206-1212
Can elderly adults automatize a new task? To address this question, 10 older adults each performed 10,080 training trials over 12 sessions on an easy but novel task. The psychological refractory period (PRP) procedure was then used to evaluate whether this highly practiced task, when presented as task 2 along with an unpracticed task 1, could proceed automatically. If automatic, task 2 processing should bypass the bottleneck and, therefore, not be delayed while central attention is devoted to task 1, yielding little dual-task interference. This is exactly what Maquestiaux, Laguë-Beauvais, Ruthruff, and Bherer (Memory and Cognition 36:1262-1282, 2008) previously observed for almost all younger adults, even with half the training on a more difficult task. Although extensive training reduced older adults’ reaction times to only 307 ms, a value virtually identical to that attained by Maquestiaux et al.’s (Memory and Cognition 36:1262-1282, 2008) younger adults, the highly practiced task 2 was slowed by 485 ms in the dual-task PRP procedure. Such a large slowing in older adults is striking given the easy tasks and massive amounts of practice. These findings demonstrate a qualitative change with age, in which older adults lose the ability to automatize novel tasks, which cannot be attributed merely to generalized cognitive slowing. 相似文献
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59.
Marcel Guillaume 《Synthese》1966,16(1):27-33
Sans résumé 相似文献
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